A hypoxia-responsive element mediates a novel pathway of activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter.

A hypoxia-responsive element mediates a novel pathway of activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter.
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DOI:
10.1084/jem.182.6.1683
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发表时间:
1995-12-01
影响因子:
15.3
通讯作者:
Varesio, Luigi
Varesio, Luigi
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Melillo, Giovanni;Musso, Tiziana;Sica, Antonio;Taylor, Lynn S.;Cox, George W.;Varesio, Luigi

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Picolinic acid, a catabolite of L-tryptophan, activates the transcription of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (iNOS) in IFN- gamma-treated murine macrophages. We performed functional studies on the 5' flanking region of the iNOS gene linked to a CAT reporter gene to identify the cis-acting element(s) responsible for the activation of iNOS transcription by picolinic acid. Transient transfection assays showed that the full-length iNOS promoter in the murine macrophage cell line ANA-1 was activated by the synergistic interaction between IFN- gamma and picolinic acid. Deletion or mutation of the iNOS promoter region from -227 to -209, containing a sequence homology to a hypoxia- responsive enhancer (iNOS-HRE), decreased picolinic acid- but not LPS- induced CAT activity by more than 70%. Functional studies using a tk promoter-CAT reporter gene plasmid demonstrated that the iNOS-HRE was sufficient to confer inducibility by picolinic acid but not by IFN- gamma or LPS. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that picolinic acid alone induced a specific binding activity to the iNOS- HRE. Furthermore, we found that the iNOS-HRE activity was inducible by hypoxia and that hypoxia in combination with IFN-gamma activated the iNOS promoter in transient transfection assays and induced iNOS transcription and mRNA expression. These data establish that the iNOS- HRE is a novel regulatory element of the iNOS promoter activity in murine macrophages and provide the first evidence that iNOS is a hypoxia-inducible gene.
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