Effects of forces on chromatin.

Effects of forces on chromatin.
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力对染色质的影响

DOI:
10.1063/5.0065302
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发表时间:
2021-12
期刊:
影响因子:
6
通讯作者:
Wang N
Wang N
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Amar K;Wei F;Chen J;Wang N

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染色质是细胞核中DNA和组蛋白的独特结构,是基因表达的动态调控位点。已知可溶性因子通过激活或抑制特异性转录因子来影响染色质结构和功能。染色质上的力来自细胞表面上的外源性应力和/或内源性应力,其由底物力学、几何形状和拓扑结构调节。染色质上的力涉及直接(通过粘附分子、细胞骨架以及核骨架和细胞骨架复合物的接头)和间接(通过扩散和/或易位过程)信号传导途径来调节染色质折叠和变形的水平以调节转录,转录由组蛋白修饰控制并且取决于应力的大小、方向、速率/频率、持续时间和模式。快速力传递途径同时激活多个基因,力可能像“超转录因子”一样起作用。间接力传递途径和快速力传递途径共同对染色质、细胞核和细胞功能产生持续影响。
Chromatin is a unique structure of DNA and histone proteins in the cell nucleus and the site of dynamic regulation of gene expression. Soluble factors are known to affect the chromatin structure and function via activating or inhibiting specific transcription factors. Forces on chromatin come from exogenous stresses on the cell surface and/or endogenous stresses, which are regulated by substrate mechanics, geometry, and topology. Forces on chromatin involve direct (via adhesion molecules, cytoskeleton, and the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complexes) and indirect (via diffusion and/or translocation processes) signaling pathways to modulate levels of chromatin folding and deformation to regulate transcription, which is controlled by histone modifications and depends on magnitude, direction, rate/frequency, duration, and modes of stresses. The rapid force transmission pathway activates multiple genes simultaneously, and the force may act like a “supertranscription factor.” The indirect mechanotransduction pathways and the rapid force transmission pathway together exert sustained impacts on the chromatin, the nucleus, and cell functions.
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