Convex hulls of random walks: expected number of faces and face probabilities

Convex hulls of random walks: expected number of faces and face probabilities
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随机游走的凸包:预期面数和面概率

DOI:
10.1016/j.aim.2017.09.002
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
1.7
通讯作者:
Dmitry Zaporozhets
Dmitry Zaporozhets
中科院分区:
数学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zakhar Kabluchko;Vladislav Vysotsky;Dmitry Zaporozhets

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考虑一个部分和序列Si =<$1 +...+<$i,1≤ i≤ n,从S 0= 0开始,其增量<$1,...,<$n是Rd,d≤ n中的随机向量。我们对凸船体Cn:= Conv(S 0,S1,.,Sn)的性质感兴趣.假设元组(fk 1,...,fk n)是可交换的,并且满足一定的一般位置条件,我们证明了Cn的期望k维面数由公式E [fk(Cn)]= 2 fk!你好!∑ l= 0∞[n+ 1 d− 2 l]{d− 2 l k+ 1},对于所有0≤ k≤ d− 1,其中[n m]和{n m}分别是第一类和第二类斯特林数。进一步地,我们明确地计算对于给定的索引0≤ i1 <...<ik + 1≤ n,点Si 1,...,Sik + 1形成Conv(S 0,S1,...,Sn)的k维面的概率。这是在两个不同的设置:随机游动与对称可交换的增量和随机桥与可交换的增量。这些结果推广了经典的一维离散反正弦律关于E。斯派尔·安德森。我们的公式都是分布自由的,即不依赖于增量的分布。证明中的主要内容是计算原点被若干随机游动和桥的联合凸船体吸收的概率,这些随机游动和桥的增量对于A n− 1和B n型的许多反射群的直积的作用是不变的。这个概率,反过来,是有关的数量外尔室的产品类型的反射群,包围的线性子空间在一般的位置。
Consider a sequence of partial sums S i= ξ 1+…+ ξ i, 1≤ i≤ n, starting at S 0= 0, whose increments ξ 1,…, ξ n are random vectors in R d, d≤ n. We are interested in the properties of the convex hull C n:= Conv (S 0, S 1,…, S n). Assuming that the tuple (ξ 1,…, ξ n) is exchangeable and a certain general position condition holds, we prove that the expected number of k-dimensional faces of C n is given by the formula E [f k (C n)]= 2⋅ k! n!∑ l= 0∞[n+ 1 d− 2 l]{d− 2 l k+ 1}, for all 0≤ k≤ d− 1, where [n m] and {n m} are Stirling numbers of the first and second kind, respectively. Further, we compute explicitly the probability that for given indices 0≤ i 1<…< i k+ 1≤ n, the points S i 1,…, S i k+ 1 form a k-dimensional face of Conv (S 0, S 1,…, S n). This is done in two different settings: for random walks with symmetrically exchangeable increments and for random bridges with exchangeable increments. These results generalize the classical one-dimensional discrete arcsine law for the position of the maximum due to E. Sparre Andersen. All our formulae are distribution-free, that is do not depend on the distribution of the increments ξ k's. The main ingredient in the proof is the computation of the probability that the origin is absorbed by a joint convex hull of several random walks and bridges whose increments are invariant with respect to the action of direct product of finitely many reflection groups of types A n− 1 and B n. This probability, in turn, is related to the number of Weyl chambers of a product-type reflection group that are intersected by a linear subspace in general position.
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