The basics of thiols and cysteines in redox biology and chemistry.

The basics of thiols and cysteines in redox biology and chemistry.
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氧化还原生物学和化学中硫醇和半胱氨酸的基础。

DOI:
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.013
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发表时间:
2015-03
影响因子:
7.4
通讯作者:
Poole, Leslie B.
Poole, Leslie B.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Poole, Leslie B.

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半胱氨酸是最不丰富的氨基酸之一,但它经常被发现作为蛋白质中功能(调节,催化或结合)位点内的高度保守残基。正是半胱氨酸的硫醇或硫醇盐基团的独特化学性质赋予功能位点其特殊性质(例如,亲核性、高亲和力金属结合和/或形成二硫键的能力)。在这篇评论中强调的是一些基本的生物物理和生物化学性质的半胱氨酸基团和方程,适用于他们,特别是相对于pKa和氧化还原电位。还总结了在大多数细胞中以高浓度存在的低分子量硫醇的类型,以及半胱氨酰残基的修饰可以赋予或调节对细胞过程(包括信号转导)重要的分子功能的方式。
Cysteine is one of the least abundant amino acids, yet it is frequently found as a highly conserved residue within functional (regulatory, catalytic or binding) sites in proteins. It is the unique chemistry of the thiol or thiolate group of cysteine that imparts functional sites with their specialized properties (e.g., nucleophilicity, high affinity metal binding, and/or ability to form disulfide bonds). Highlighted in this review are some of the basic biophysical and biochemical properties of cysteine groups and the equations that apply to them, particularly with respect to pKa and redox potential. Also summarized are the types of low molecular weight thiols present in high concentrations in most cells, as well as the ways in which modifications of cysteinyl residues can impart or regulate molecular functions important to cellular processes including signal transduction.
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