Race and ethnicity, gender, and age on perceived threats and fear of COVID-19: Evidence from two national data sources.
Race and ethnicity, gender, and age on perceived threats and fear of COVID-19: Evidence from two national data sources.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100717
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fitzpatrick KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Niño M;Harris C;Drawve G;Fitzpatrick KM
先前的研究发现，在新出现的疾病爆发期间，旨在减少感染数量的预防性行为与疾病易感性的感知风险有关。很少有研究试图确定潜在的因素，解释在传染病爆发期间的风险认知差异。根据美国趋势小组的两次早期浪潮（n= 7，441），以及美国国家科学基金会资助的Qualtrics国家小组调查（n= 10，368），我们测试了种族和民族，性别和年龄是否与COVID-19相关的六种感知威胁和恐惧结果相关。结果表明，种族和民族、性别和年龄在塑造对COVID-19的威胁和恐惧感方面发挥着重要作用，但根据结果，关系在方向和程度上有所不同。在某些情况下，历史上被边缘化的种族和族裔群体更有可能报告高度恐惧，并将冠状病毒视为对人口和个人健康的主要威胁，而在其他情况下，同样被边缘化的种族和族裔群体不太可能将冠状病毒视为对免疫组成和老年人口的严重威胁。我们还发现，女性通常更有可能报告对COVID-19的高度威胁和恐惧。最后，我们观察到一个明显的年龄差异，即年龄较大的成年人报告对COVID-19的高风险看法。这些发现可以为公共卫生计划提供信息，这些计划旨在教育社区在新出现的传染病爆发期间采取有效预防措施的好处。种族和少数民族更有可能报告对冠状病毒的高度恐惧。种族和少数民族更有可能将冠状病毒视为对人口的主要威胁。种族和少数民族更有可能将冠状病毒视为对个人健康的主要威胁。女性通常更有可能报告对COVID-19的高度威胁和恐惧。总体而言，年龄较大的人群报告了对COVID-19的高风险认知。
Previous studies find preventative behaviors designed to reduce the number of infections during emerging disease outbreaks are associated with perceived risk of disease susceptibility. Few studies have attempted to identify underlying factors that explain differences in perceptions of risk during an infectious disease outbreak. Drawing from two early waves of American Trends Panel (n=7,441), as well as a National Science Foundation funded, Qualtrics national panel survey from the early stages of the pandemic (n=10,368), we test whether race and ethnicity, gender, and age were associated with six perceived threat and fear outcomes related to COVID-19. Results demonstrate race and ethnicity, gender, and age play a significant role in shaping threat and fear perceptions of COVID-19, but depending on the outcome, relationships vary in direction and magnitude. In some cases, historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups were more likely to report high fear and perceive coronavirus as a major threat to population and individual health, whereas, in others cases, the same marginalized racial and ethnic groups were less likely to perceive coronavirus to be a serious threat to the immune-comprised and the elderly population. We also find women were generally more likely to report high levels of threat and fear of COVID-19. Finally, we observe a clear age difference, whereby adults in older age groups report high-risk perceptions of COVID-19. Findings can inform public health programs designed to educate communities on the benefits of engaging in effective preventative practices during emerging infectious disease outbreaks. Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to report high fear of coronavirus. Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to perceive coronavirus as a major threat to population. Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to perceive coronavirus as a major threat to individual health. Women are generally more likely to report high levels of threat and fear of COVID-19. In general, older age groups report high-risk perceptions of COVID-19.
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