Personal control and stress and coping processes: a theoretical analysis.
Personal control and stress and coping processes: a theoretical analysis.
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个人控制、压力和应对过程：理论分析。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.46.4.839
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
S. Folkman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Folkman
实验室和实地研究表明，个人控制与压力、应对和适应性结果之间的关系比以前认为的要复杂得多。相信一个事件是可控的并不总是导致压力的减少或积极的结果，相信一个事件是不可控制的并不总是导致压力的增加或消极的结果。这些涉及控制的复杂关系在拉撒路的压力和应对认知理论的背景下进行了研究。文章的第一部分详细阐述了这一理论，并展示了两种形式的控制，即关于控制的广义信念和控制的情境评估，是如何融入整个模型的。本节探讨控制的情境评估，包括“控制什么？”为了解释一些令人困惑的发现，必须解决这个问题。文章的第二部分利用压力和应对的理论公式来研究三个重要问题：(a)相信自己在压力交易中拥有控制权会如何加剧威胁，(b)控制与应对之间的关系，以及(c)控制可以影响压力遭遇的适应性结果的途径。
Laboratory and field research indicates that the relationships between personal control and stress, coping, and adaptational outcomes are more complex than was once assumed. Believing that an event is controllable does not always lead to a reduction in stress or to a positive outcome, and believing that an event is uncontrollable does not always lead to an increase in stress or to a negative outcome. These complex relationships involving control are examined in the context of Lazarus's cognitive theory of stress and coping. The first part of the article elaborates this theory and shows how two forms of control, generalized beliefs about control and situational appraisals of control, fit into the overall model. Situational appraisals of control are explored in this section, including the question, Control over what? which must be addressed in order to explain some of the perplexing findings. The second part of the article draws on the theoretical formulation of stress and coping to examine three important issues: (a) how believing one has control in a stressful transaction can heighten threat, (b) the relationship between control and coping, and (c) pathways through which control can affect the adaptational outcomes of stressful encounters.
自责和抑郁症状。
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Peterson,C;Schwartz,SM;Seligman,ME
通讯作者：
Seligman,ME