Heritability of delay discounting in adolescence: a longitudinal twin study.
Heritability of delay discounting in adolescence: a longitudinal twin study.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10519-010-9384-7
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发表时间：
2011-03
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Heath, Andrew C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anokhin, Andrey P.;Golosheykin, Simon;Grant, Julia D.;Heath, Andrew C.
延迟折扣（DD）是指对较小的即时奖励的偏好，而不是较大但延迟的奖励，被认为是更广泛的“冲动”结构的一个独特组成部分。虽然更大的倾向折扣延迟满足的价值已经与一系列的问题行为和药物滥用，特别是在青少年，DD的个体差异的起源仍然不清楚。我们使用纵向双胞胎设计检查了遗传和环境对DD现实生活行为测量的影响。青少年参与者被要求在立即获得的较小（7美元）奖励和7天内获得的较大（10美元）奖励之间进行选择。采用线性结构方程模型进行的生物统计遗传分析表明，DD在12岁和14岁（分别为30%和51%）的遗传力显着，并建议在两个年龄段相同的遗传因素影响的性状。DD与行为障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍、物质使用、高新奇寻求和自我调节不良的症状显著相关。这项研究为人类DD的遗传性提供了第一个证据，并表明DD可能是成瘾和外化障碍遗传研究的一个有前途的内表型。
Delay discounting (DD) refers to the preference for smaller immediate rewards over larger but delayed rewards, and is considered to be a distinct component of a broader “impulsivity” construct. Although greater propensity for discounting the value of delayed gratification has been associated with a range of problem behaviors and substance abuse, particularly in adolescents, the origins of individual differences in DD remain unclear. We examined genetic and environmental influences on a real-life behavioral measure of DD using a longitudinal twin design. Adolescent participants were asked to choose between a smaller ($7) reward available immediately and a larger ($10) reward to be received in 7 days. Biometrical genetic analysis using linear structural equation modeling showed significant heritability of DD at ages 12 and 14 (30 and 51%, respectively) and suggested that the same genetic factors influenced the trait at both ages. DD was significantly associated with symptoms of conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance use, and with higher novelty seeking and poor self-regulation. This study provides the first evidence for heritability of DD in humans and suggests that DD can be a promising endophenotype for genetic studies of addiction and externalizing disorders.
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