Cross-sectional schooling-health associations misrepresented causal schooling effects on adult health and health-related behaviors: evidence from the Chinese Adults Twins Survey.
Cross-sectional schooling-health associations misrepresented causal schooling effects on adult health and health-related behaviors: evidence from the Chinese Adults Twins Survey.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.11.011
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发表时间：
2015-02
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Zhang, Junsen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Behrman, Jere R.;Xiong, Yanyan;Zhang, Junsen
成人健康结果和健康行为往往与学校教育有关。然而，这种关联并不一定意味着学校教育对健康有因果影响，其迹象或程度在横截面关联中发现。学校教育可能会影响到与遗传和家庭背景有关的未观察到的因素，这些因素直接影响健康和学校教育。最近，一些研究使用同卵双胞胎（MZ）方法来控制同卵双胞胎共有的未观察到的因素。发达国家的MZ内估计数一般小于跨部门协会的建议，这与决定学校教育的未观察到的因素和决定健康的因素之间的正相关性一致。本研究使用中国成年双胞胎调查对横截面关联和MZ内因果效应进行了新的估计，这是发展中国家的第一项此类研究。横截面估计表明，学校教育与成人健康相关行为（吸烟，饮酒，锻炼）显着相关，但与自己或配偶的健康结果（一般健康，心理健康，超重，慢性病）无关。然而，同卵双生子内的估计数改变了这些健康指标的估计数的大约一半，在一种情况下，绝对幅度下降，变得微不足道，在其他情况下，绝对幅度增加。MZ内估计数表明，对自身健康（更好的心理健康）、自身健康相关行为（减少吸烟）和配偶健康（减轻超重）的至少一项指标产生了重大的促进健康效应。
Adult health outcomes and health behaviors are often associated with schooling. However, such associations do not necessarily imply that schooling has causal effects on health with the signs or magnitudes found in the cross-sectional associations. Schooling may be proxying for unobserved factors related to genetics and family background that directly affect both health and schooling. Recently several studies have used within-monozygotic (MZ) twins methods to control for unobserved factors shared by identical twins. Within-MZ estimates for developed countries are generally smaller than suggested by cross-sectional associations, consistent with positive correlations between unobserved factors that determine schooling and those that determine health. This study contributes new estimates of cross-sectional associations and within-MZ causal effects using the Chinese Adults Twins Survey, the first study of its type for developing countries. The cross-sectional estimates suggest that schooling is significantly associated with adult health-related behaviors (smoking, drinking, exercising) but not with own or spouse health outcomes (general health, mental health, overweight, chronic diseases). However, within-MZ-twins estimators change the estimates for approximately half of these health indicators, in one case declining in absolute magnitudes and becoming insignificant and in the other cases increasing in absolute magnitudes. Within-MZ estimates indicate significant pro-health effects for at least one of the indicators for own health (better mental health), own health-related behaviors (less smoking) and spouse health (less overweight).
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影响因子：
0.5
作者：
Behrman JR;Hoddinott J;Maluccio JA;Soler-Hampejsek E;Behrman EL;Martorell R;Ramírez-Zea M;Stein AD
通讯作者：
Stein AD
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Kravdal, Oystein
通讯作者：
Kravdal, Oystein
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Amin, Vikesh;Behrman, Jere R.;Kohler, Hans-Peter
通讯作者：
Kohler, Hans-Peter
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Albert, Cecilia;Davia, Maria A.
通讯作者：
Davia, Maria A.
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
BEHRMAN, JR;POLLAK, RA;TAUBMAN, P
通讯作者：
TAUBMAN, P