Differences between sons and daughters in the intergenerational transmission of wealth

Differences between sons and daughters in the intergenerational transmission of wealth
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儿子和女儿财富代际传承的差异

DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2018.0076
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Borgerhoff Mulder, M
Borgerhoff Mulder, M
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Borgerhoff Mulder, M

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性别不平等一直是人们关注的焦点,尤其是重男轻女的问题。经济学家关心特权如何代代相传,而人类学家长期以来一直在研究带有性别偏见的继承规范。然而,目前还没有针对亲子财富相关性如何因后代性别而变化的跨文化调查。我们估计了 38 种财富衡量标准的相关性,包括躯体财富和关系财富,覆盖范围从狩猎采集者到小农等 15 个人群。尽管小样本量限制了我们的统计能力,但我们没有发现普遍存在的男性偏见的证据,至少从比较亲子和亲女相关性中推断出这一点。相反,我们发现性别偏见的特征存在很大差异,有证据表明存在对儿子和女儿的偏见传播。此外,我们引入了一个模型,有助于确定简单的中点亲子财富相关性可以揭示有关性别偏见的父母投资信息的条件。我们的研究结果与女性偏见的亲属关系研究相关,揭示了亲属关系系统的规范描述符(例如父系继承)如何很少捕捉到财富的代际相关性,以及亲子和亲女关系的可变性。本文是主题“人类和其他哺乳动物中女性偏见亲属关系的演变”的一部分。
Persistent interest lies in gender inequality, especially with regard to the favouring of sons over daughters. Economists are concerned with how privilege is transmitted across generations, and anthropologists have long studied sex-biased inheritance norms. There has, however, been no focused cross-cultural investigation of how parent–offspring correlations in wealth vary by offspring sex. We estimate these correlations for 38 wealth measures, including somatic and relational wealth, from 15 populations ranging from hunter–gatherers to small-scale farmers. Although small sample sizes limit our statistical power, we find no evidence of ubiquitous male bias, at least as inferred from comparing parent–son and parent–daughter correlations. Rather we find wide variation in signatures of sex bias, with evidence of both son and daughter-biased transmission. Further, we introduce a model that helps pinpoint the conditions under which simple mid-point parent–offspring wealth correlations can reveal information about sex-biased parental investment. Our findings are relevant to the study of female-biased kinship by revealing just how little normative descriptors of kinship systems, such as patrilineal inheritance, capture intergenerational correlations in wealth, and how variable parent–son and parent–daughter correlations can be.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals'.
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