Cellular Biology of Gangliosides

Cellular Biology of Gangliosides
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神经节苷脂的细胞生物学

DOI:
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发表时间:
1995
期刊:
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
M. Iwamori
M. Iwamori
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
Y. Nagai;M. Iwamori

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含唾液酸的鞘糖脂或神经节苷是由亲水的唾液寡糖和疏水的神经酰胺组成的杂化分子,后者由与脂肪酸相连的鞘碱组成。虽然神经节苷类神经酰胺成分中的脂肪酸和鞘氨醇的分子种类是不均匀的,但在低聚糖部分中观察到更显著的不均匀性,低聚糖部分主要面向细胞表面,有利于与邻近细胞和细胞外物质相互作用。在动物界,神经节苷类和唾液酸通常被检测到的最低目是后口目,特别是那些在系统发育上比棘皮目更发达的动物,而不是那些原口目(Hoshi和Nagai, 1975; Sugita等人,1982;Wiegandt, 1985; Dennis等人,1985),尽管最近的精细分析表明,唾液酸及其聚合形式也存在于果蝇中(Roth等人,1992)。因此,神经节苷脂似乎与高等动物的进化获得性功能有关。在脊椎动物中,它们是所有组织和细胞中普遍存在的成分,它们的低聚糖结构在细胞发育、分化、个体发生和衰老过程中发生改变,与它们的功能重要性保持一致(Hakomori, 1990)。事实上,通过单克隆抗体技术的应用,几种神经节苷脂被证明是肿瘤相关抗原,可作为免疫治疗的靶分子,也可用于几种肿瘤的诊断(Saleh et al., 1992)。
Sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, or gangliosides, are hybrid molecules composed of a hydrophilic sialyl oligosaccharide and a hydrophobic ceramide moiety, the latter consisting of a sphingoid base linked to a fatty acid. Though molecular species of the fatty acids and sphingosine in the ceramide component of gangliosides are heterogeneous, more significant heterogeneity is observed in the oligosaccharide moiety, which is primarily oriented exofacially in the cell surface, positionally advantaged to interact with neighboring cells and extra-cellular materials. In the animal kingdom, the lowest order in which gangliosides as well as sialic acids generally are detected is the Deuterostomia, in particular those more developed phylogenetically than the Echinodermata, but not those of the Prostomia (Hoshi and Nagai, 1975; Sugita et al., 1982; Wiegandt, 1985; Dennis et al., 1985), although recent subtle analysis has revealed that sialic acids and their polymeric form occur also in the insect Drosophila melanogaster (Roth et al., 1992). Thus, gangliosides seem to be concerned with evolutionarily acquired functions pertinent to higher animals. In vertebrates, they are ubiquitous constituents of all tissues and cells, and their oligosaccharide structures undergo alteration during cellular development, differentiation, ontogenesis, and aging, in keeping with their functional importance (Hakomori, 1990). In fact, by application of the monoclonal antibody technique, several gangliosides were shown to be the tumor-associated antigens, which are utilized as the target molecules for immunotherapy, as well as for the diagnosis of several tumors (Saleh et al., 1992).
DOI: --
发表时间: 1993
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影响因子: --
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影响因子: 2.9
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1989
期刊: The Journal of biological chemistry
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: Svennerholm,L