Defining and measuring cyberbullying within the larger context of bullying victimization.
Defining and measuring cyberbullying within the larger context of bullying victimization.
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在欺凌受害的大背景下定义和衡量网络欺凌。
DOI:
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.031
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Oppenheim,JayKoby
中科院分区:
文献类型:
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作者:
Ybarra,MicheleL;Boyd,Danah;Korchmaros,JosephineD;Oppenheim,JayKoby
PURPOSETo inform the scientific debate about bullying, including cyberbullying, measurement.METHODSTwo split-form surveys were conducted online among 6–17-year-olds (n = 1,200 each) to inform recommendations for cyberbullying measurement.RESULTSMeasures that use the word “bully” result in prevalence rates similar to each other, irrespective of whether a definition is included, whereas measures not using the word “bully” are similar to each other, irrespective of whether a definition is included. A behavioral list of bullying experiences without either a definition or the word “bully” results in higher prevalence rates and likely measures experiences that are beyond the definition of “bullying.” Follow-up questions querying differential power, repetition, and bullying over time were used to examine misclassification. The measure using a definition but not the word “bully” appeared to have the highest rate of false positives and, therefore, the highest rate of misclassification. Across two studies, an average of 25% reported being bullied at least monthly in person compared with an average of 10% bullied online, 7% via telephone (cell or landline), and 8% via text messaging.CONCLUSIONSMeasures of bullying among English-speaking individuals in the United States should include the word “bully” when possible. The definition may be a useful tool for researchers, but results suggest that it does not necessarily yield a more rigorous measure of bullying victimization. Directly measuring aspects of bullying (i.e., differential power, repetition, over time) reduces misclassification. To prevent double counting across domains, we suggest the following distinctions: mode (e.g., online, in-person), type (e.g., verbal, relational), and environment (e.g., school, home). We conceptualize cyberbullying as bullying communicated through the online mode.
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DOI:
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
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作者:
S. Livingstone;L. Haddon;Anke Görzig;K. Ólafsson
通讯作者:
K. Ólafsson
DOI:
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
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作者:
Alice E. Marwick;D. Boyd
通讯作者:
D. Boyd
影响因子:
7.6
作者:
Kowalski, Robin M.;Limber, Susan P.
通讯作者:
Limber, Susan P.
DOI:
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发表时间:
2004
期刊:
影响因子:
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作者:
Xin Ma
通讯作者:
Xin Ma
DOI:
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发表时间:
2009
期刊:
J. Media Psychol. Theor. Methods Appl.
影响因子:
--
作者:
Catarina Katzer;D. Fetchenhauer;Frank Belschak
通讯作者:
Frank Belschak