Editorial: Light and Life
Editorial: Light and Life
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社论：光与生命
DOI：
10.1002/lpor.201000518
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
A. Ashkin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Ashkin
在令人兴奋的发现之后，往往会有更令人兴奋的应用。一个突出的例子是激光的发明及其在自然科学几乎所有领域的无数应用。正如最近指出的那样，在激光诞生50周年之际，仅15个诺贝尔奖就被授予了依赖激光的工作[1]。一种特别有用的激光应用是发明了用于小颗粒的光学陷阱，通常被称为“光学镊子”。这一发现是开辟新研究领域的令人欣喜的意外之一。光学捕获作为一种保存和处理微米级粒子的技术，始于1970年[2]，距连续波激光器的发展还不到十年[3]。现在，大约40年后的今天，我很高兴地看到，这导致了一些发现，导致了两个诺贝尔奖，即1997年因激光冷却和捕获原子而获得的物理科学奖，以及2001年因原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚而获得的发现，也为生物学中的激光捕获领域奠定了基础。随后在该领域的主要发现和发展的时间顺序是1971年的光学悬浮[4]，1975年的原子冷却建议[5]，1978年的光学镊子[6]，1985年的光学糖蜜演示[7]，1986年的第一个原子陷阱[8]，1987年的光学捕获和操纵病毒和细菌[9]，红外镊子捕获和操纵病毒和细菌[10]，1989年的内部细胞操纵[11]，1990年的单马达分子的性质[12，13]，RNA聚合酶的基本配对步进[14]，以及2006年的DNA测序[15]。
Exciting discoveries are often followed by even more exciting applications. One prominent example is the invention of the laser and its myriads of applications in nearly all fields of natural sciences. As was pointed out recently, on the occasion of the lasers’ 50th anniversary, fifteen Nobel Prizes alone were awarded for work dependent on lasers [1]. One particularly useful laser application was the invention of optical traps for small particles, commonly known as ‘optical tweezers’. This discovery was one of those happy accidents that open up new fields of research. Optical trapping as a technique for holding and manipulating micron-sized particles started in 1970 [2], less than ten years after the development of CW lasers [3]. Now, some 40 years later, I am glad to see that this has led to a number of discoveries that resulted in two Nobel Prizes, namely in the physical sciences for the cooling and trapping of atoms by lasers in 1997 and for Bose-Einstein Condensation of atoms in 2001, and also laid the origins of the field of laser trapping in biology. The chronology of the subsequent main discoveries and developments in that field are optical levitation in 1971 [4], an atom cooling suggestion in 1975 [5], optical tweezers in 1978 [6], demonstration of optical molasses in 1985 [7], the first atom trap in 1986 [8], optical trapping and manipulation of viruses and bacteria in 1987 [9], infrared tweezer traps in 1987 [10], internal cell manipulation in 1989 [11], properties of single motor molecules in 1990 [12, 13], basic pair stepping by RNA polymerase in 2005 [14], and DNA sequencing using tweezers in 2006 [15].
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
ASHKIN, A;DZIEDZIC, JM;YAMANE, T
通讯作者：
YAMANE, T