The Intra-Dependence of Viruses and the Holobiont.

The Intra-Dependence of Viruses and the Holobiont.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01501
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Grasis JA
Grasis JA
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Grasis JA

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动物与周围的微生物共生。这种共生对于动物健康是必要的,因为共生崩溃可能导致疾病状态。环境中宿主与相关原核生物、真核生物和病毒之间的功能共生是全生物。事实证明,破译这些全生物关联既困难又充满争议。特别是,全生物与病毒的关联一直存在争议,尽管这些相互作用自细胞生命开始以来就一直在发生。这场争议源于这样一种观点:所有病毒都是寄生性的,但它们的关联也可能是有益的。为了确定病毒在全生物体内的参与,有必要识别和阐明与宿主共生的病毒群体的功能。病毒宏基因组分析识别了在全生物体中功能相关的真核和原核病毒群落。同样,对宿主对病毒存在的反应的分析决定了如何维持这些相互作用。综合分析揭示了病毒如何在全生物体内相互作用以及病毒共生合作如何发生。为了理解全生物如何作为一个功能单元,我们必须将病毒视为疾病、发育和进化的一个组成部分。
Animals live in symbiosis with the microorganisms surrounding them. This symbiosis is necessary for animal health, as a symbiotic breakdown can lead to a disease state. The functional symbiosis between the host, and associated prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses in the context of an environment is the holobiont. Deciphering these holobiont associations has proven to be both difficult and controversial. In particular, holobiont association with viruses has been of debate even though these interactions have been occurring since cellular life began. The controversy stems from the idea that all viruses are parasitic, yet their associations can also be beneficial. To determine viral involvement within the holobiont, it is necessary to identify and elucidate the function of viral populations in symbiosis with the host. Viral metagenome analyses identify the communities of eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses that functionally associate within a holobiont. Similarly, analyses of the host in response to viral presence determine how these interactions are maintained. Combined analyses reveal how viruses interact within the holobiont and how viral symbiotic cooperation occurs. To understand how the holobiont serves as a functional unit, one must consider viruses as an integral part of disease, development, and evolution.
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