Counting essential surfaces in 3-manifolds

Counting essential surfaces in 3-manifolds
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计算 3 流形中的基本表面

DOI:
10.1007/s00222-021-01090-w
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Rubinstein, J. Hyam
Rubinstein, J. Hyam
中科院分区:
数学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dunfield, Nathan M.;Garoufalidis, Stavros;Rubinstein, J. Hyam

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我们考虑了3-流形中基本曲面的同位素类计数的自然问题,重点研究了广义双曲型3-流形中的闭基本曲面。我们的主要结果是(可能不相连的)本质曲面的欧拉特征的计数总是有一个短的生成函数,因此具有拟多项式的行为。这给出了非常简洁的曲面数量公式,以及详细的渐近性。我们给出的算法允许我们计算这些生成函数和底层曲面,并将它们应用于近6万个流形,提供了关于它们的大量数据。我们使用这些数据来探索仅计数连接的基本曲面的微妙问题,并提出一些猜想。我们的方法涉及法线和几乎法线曲面,特别是Tollefson和Oertel的工作,结合了Ehrhart开创的计数具有有理数顶点的多面体中的点阵点的技术。我们还介绍了一种新的测试方法,如果在一个理想的三角剖分法曲面是必不可少的,避免切割流形沿表面打开;相反,我们在最初的三角剖分中使用了几乎正常的曲面。
We consider the natural problem of counting isotopy classes of essential surfaces in 3-manifolds, focusing on closed essential surfaces in a broad class of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Our main result is that the count of (possibly disconnected) essential surfaces in terms of their Euler characteristic always has a short generating function and hence has quasi-polynomial behavior. This gives remarkably concise formulae for the number of such surfaces, as well as detailed asymptotics. We give algorithms that allow us to compute these generating functions and the underlying surfaces, and apply these to almost 60,000 manifolds, providing a wealth of data about them. We use this data to explore the delicate question of counting only connected essential surfaces and propose some conjectures. Our methods involve normal and almost normal surfaces, especially the work of Tollefson and Oertel, combined with techniques pioneered by Ehrhart for counting lattice points in polyhedra with rational vertices. We also introduce a new way of testing if a normal surface in an ideal triangulation is essential that avoids cutting the manifold open along the surface; rather, we use almost normal surfaces in the original triangulation.
不可压缩表面和旋转正态形式
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发表时间: 2005
影响因子: 0.5
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发表时间: 2012
期刊: Journal of Symbolic Logic (JSL)
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3D 索引和法线表面
DOI: 10.1215/ijm/1498032034
发表时间: 2016
期刊: arXiv: Geometric Topology
影响因子: --
作者:
S. Garoufalidis;C. Hodgson;Neil R. Hoffman;H. Rubinstein
通讯作者: H. Rubinstein