Cognitive contributions to gait and falls: evidence and implications.
Cognitive contributions to gait and falls: evidence and implications.
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DOI：
10.1002/mds.25674
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发表时间：
2013-09-15
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
Hausdorff, Jeffrey M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amboni, Marianna;Barone, Paolo;Hausdorff, Jeffrey M.
痴呆症和步态障碍通常在老年人和神经退行性疾病患者中同时存在。这两种情况都是跌倒的独立危险因素。认知功能与步态之间的关系最近受到越来越多的关注。步态不再被认为仅仅是自动运动活动，而是一种需要执行功能和注意力以及对外部和内部线索判断的活动。在这篇综述中，我们打算：（1）总结和综合支持认知在步态控制中所发挥作用的实验、神经心理学和神经影像学证据； （2）简要讨论认知和步态之间相互作用所产生的影响。近年来，双任务范式被广泛用作探索步态与认知之间相互作用的实验方法。多项神经心理学研究还表明，步行依赖于多个认知领域的使用，包括执行注意力功能、视觉空间能力，甚至记忆资源。许多形态学和功能性神经影像学研究提供了支持步态和认知资源之间关系的额外证据。根据三项研究的结果，越来越多的证据表明认知在步态控制和跌倒预防中发挥着关键作用。高阶神经功能和步态之间的相互作用具有许多临床意义，从综合评估工具到可能的创新干预措施，包括一方面预防跌倒的认知疗法和另一方面降低痴呆风险的步行计划。
Dementia and gait impairments often coexist in older adults and patients with neurodegenerative disease. Both conditions represent independent risk factors for falls. The relationship between cognitive function and gait has recently received increasing attention. Gait is no longer considered merely automated motor activity but rather an activity that requires executive function and attention as well as judgment of external and internal cues. In this review, we intend to: (1) summarize and synthesize the experimental, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging evidence that supports the role played by cognition in the control of gait; and (2) briefly discuss the implications deriving from the interplay between cognition and gait. In recent years, the dual task paradigm has been widely used as an experimental method to explore the interplay between gait and cognition. Several neuropsychological investigations have also demonstrated that walking relies on the use of several cognitive domains, including executive-attentional function, visuospatial abilities, and even memory resources. A number of morphological and functional neuroimaging studies have offered additional evidence supporting the relationship between gait and cognitive resources. Based on the findings from 3 lines of studies, it appears that a growing body of evidence indicates a pivotal role of cognition in gait control and fall prevention. The interplay between higher-order neural function and gait has a number of clinical implications, ranging from integrated assessment tools to possible innovative lines of interventions, including cognitive therapy for falls prevention on one hand and walking program for reducing dementia risk on the other.
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DOI：
10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181ef7a2e
发表时间：
2011-06
期刊：
The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Buchman AS;Boyle PA;Leurgans SE;Barnes LL;Bennett DA
通讯作者：
Bennett DA
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bloem, BR;Valkenburg, VV;Willemsen, MD
通讯作者：
Willemsen, MD
影响因子：
2
作者：
Bloem, BR;Valkenburg, VV;van Dijk, JG
通讯作者：
van Dijk, JG
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Hausdorff, Jeffrey M.;Doniger, Glen M.;Simon, Ely S.
通讯作者：
Simon, Ely S.
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
Camicioli, R;Howieson, D;Kaye, J
通讯作者：
Kaye, J