Cellular sensing of viral DNA and viral evasion mechanisms.

Cellular sensing of viral DNA and viral evasion mechanisms.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-micro-091313-103409
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
10.5
通讯作者:
Knipe DM
Knipe DM
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Orzalli MH;Knipe DM

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哺乳动物细胞检测到作为游离DNA或由于微生物感染而引入的外来DNA,导致诱导先天免疫反应,阻止微生物复制,并激活使外来DNA编码的基因表观遗传沉默的机制。目前已鉴定了多种定位于细胞内不同部位的DNA传感器,本文重点介绍了检测病毒DNA的机制以及由此产生的反应如何影响病毒感染。病毒已经进化出抑制这些宿主传感器和信号通路的机制,而对这些拮抗病毒策略的研究为深入了解这些宿主反应的机制提供了线索。外源DNA的细胞传感领域还处于起步阶段,但我们目前有限的知识已经提出了一些重要的研究问题。
Mammalian cells detect foreign DNA introduced as free DNA or as a result of microbial infection, leading to the induction of innate immune responses that block microbial replication and the activation of mechanisms that epigenetically silence the genes encoded by the foreign DNA. A number of DNA sensors localized to a variety of sites within the cell have been identified, and this review focuses on the mechanisms that detect viral DNA and how the resulting responses affect viral infections. Viruses have evolved mechanisms that inhibit these host sensors and signaling pathways, and the study of these antagonistic viral strategies has provided insight into the mechanisms of these host responses. The field of cellular sensing of foreign DNA is in its infancy, but our currently limited knowledge has raised a number of important questions for study.
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