Determination of RNA structure and thermodynamics.
Determination of RNA structure and thermodynamics.
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RNA 结构和热力学的测定。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.bi.62.070193.001351
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
TinocoJr,I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jaeger,JA;SantaLuciaJr,J;TinocoJr,I
RNA的重要生物学意义最近变得更加明显。除了RNA功能的广泛多样性之外（1，2），已知催化活性的列表一直在快速增长（3 - 7）。RNA的功能多样性反映了其三维结构的多样性。了解RNA的三维结构和折叠的一般规则，对于推断所有RNA功能的更详细机制将是非常宝贵的。RNA分子的序列（一级结构）相对容易确定。然而，确定RNA二级结构（碱基配对）和三级结构的方法还没有跟上快速发现具有有趣功能的RNA分子的步伐。因此，需要用于确定和预测RNA结构的改进方法。我们首先回顾可用于表征RNA结构和热力学的方法。结构预测的方法也进行了讨论，因为它们提供了有价值的信息的设计和解释的实验。准确预测RNA结构需要了解各种结构背景下的基本相互作用，如氢键，堆积和水合作用。RNA分子是含有核糖的多核苷酸，通过3'--5 '磷酸二酯键连接。碱基在异头碳（C1 '）的β位与核糖连接。图1显示了一个核苷酸的示意图，以说明所使用的扭转角（每个核苷酸7个）完全指定了RNA的构象（8）。糖褶皱（9）由角度~指定。将五元环的原子限制在一个平面上在能量上是不利的。因此，核酸中的糖通常在其他四个环原子的平面之外具有C2 '或C3'。当面外原子与碱基在同一侧时，构象分别为C2 '-endo或C3'-endo。对于分离的核苷酸，C3 '-内切和C2'-内切糖折叠器的能量几乎相等（10）。因此，糖采取任何构象将允许其他分子相互作用被优化。C3 '-内切折叠的磷酸-磷酸距离（5.9，~）比C2'-内切折叠的磷酸-磷酸距离（7.0，~）短。糖苷扭转角X指定碱基相对于糖的旋转。在反构象中，碱基远离糖环定位;在顺构象中，碱基旋转约180 °并定位在糖环上方。通常，碱基采用反构象，因为它在能量上比顺式构象更有利。
The central biological importance of RNA has recently become more apparent. In addition to the wide diversity of functions of RNA (1, 2), the list of known catalytic activities has been growing rapidly (3-7). The functional diversity of RNA reflects diversity in its three-dimensional structure. Knowledge of the three-dimensional structures and general rules for RNA folding will be invaluable for deducing more detailed mechanisms of all RNA functions. The sequence (primary structure) of an RNA molecule is relatively easy determine. Methods for determining RNA secondary structure (base pairing) and tertiary structure, however, have not kept pace with the rapid discovery of RNA molecules with interesting functions. Therefore, improved methods for determining and predicting RNA structure are needed. We first review the methods available for characterizing RNA structure and thermodynamics. Methods for structure prediction are also discussed, since they provide valuable information for the design and interpretation of experiments. Accurate prediction of RNA structure requires an understanding of fundamental interactions such as hydrogen bonding, stacking, and hydration in diverse structural contexts.RNA molecules are polynucleotides containing ribose sugars connected by 3’--5’phosphodiester linkages. The bases are connected to the ribose sugars in the beta position of the anomeric carbon (C1’). Figure 1 shows a diagram of a nucleotide to illustrate the torsion angles (seven per nucleotide) used specify completely the conformation of an RNA (8). The sugar pucker (9) is specified by angle~. Constraining the atoms of five-membered ring to a plane is energetically unfavorable. Therefore, the sugars in nucleic acids usually have either C2’or C3’out of the plane of the other four ring atoms. When the out-of-plane atom is on the same side as the base, the conformation is C2’-endo or C3’-endo, respectively. For isolated nucleotides, the C3’-endo and C2’-endo sugar puckers are nearly equal in energy (10). Thus, the sugars adopt whichever conformation will allow other molecular interactions to be optimized. The phosphate-phosphate distance for C3’-endo pucker (5.9,~) is shorter than in C2’-endo (7.0,~) The glycosidic torsion angle, X, specifies the rotation of the base relative to the sugar. In the anti conformation the base is positioned away from the sugar ring; in the syn conformation the base is rotated by approximately 180 and is positioned above the sugar ring. Typically, bases adopt the anti conformation, since it is energetically more favorable than the syn conformation.
用同位素进行有机合成。
影响因子：
3
作者：
C. J. Collins
通讯作者：
C. J. Collins