Astroglial vesicular network: evolutionary trends, physiology and pathophysiology.
Astroglial vesicular network: evolutionary trends, physiology and pathophysiology.
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DOI：
10.1111/apha.12915
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Verkhratsky A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zorec R;Parpura V;Verkhratsky A
大约30亿年前真核细胞进化时，出现了包括分泌囊泡在内的细胞内细胞器。在Escherichia中进化的原始细胞器类似于内溶酶体，其可以说是为特定的代谢任务而发展的，包括分子的摄取、代谢加工、储存和处置。与原核生物相比，真核生物的细胞体积增加了几个数量级，并且出现了囊泡交通，以允许遥远的细胞内位置之间的通信。溶酶体，首次描述于1955年，一个突出的中间体的内吞和外吞途径，几乎在所有的真核细胞，包括星形胶质细胞，在中枢神经系统中最异质类型的稳态胶质细胞。星形胶质细胞支持神经元网络活动，特别是通过精心分泌，基于一个复杂的细胞内囊泡网络动力学。混乱的体内平衡是疾病的基础，星形胶质细胞囊泡交通有助于神经退行性疾病（阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病）、神经发育疾病（智力缺陷、雷特病）和神经传染性疾病（寨卡病毒）疾病的病理生理学。本文综述了星形胶质细胞自主泡状交通网络，分为原发性和继发性泡状网络缺陷的疾病，为开发新的治疗神经系统疾病的目标。
Intracellular organelles, including secretory vesicles, emerged when eukaryotic cells evolved some 3 billion years ago. The primordial organelles that evolved in Archaea were similar to endolysosomes, which developed, arguably, for specific metabolic tasks, including uptake, metabolic processing, storage and disposal of molecules. In comparison to prokaryotes, cell volume of eukaryotes increased by several orders of magnitude and vesicle traffic emerged to allow for communication between distant intracellular locations. Lysosomes, first described in 1955, a prominent intermediate of endo- and exocytotic pathways, operate virtually in all eukaryotic cells including astroglia, the most heterogeneous type of homeostatic glia in the central nervous system. Astrocytes support neuronal network activity in particular through elaborated secretion, based on a complex intracellular vesicle network dynamics. Deranged homeostasis underlies disease and astroglial vesicle traffic contributes to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative (Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease), neurodevelopmental diseases (intellectual deficiency, Rett’s disease) and neuroinfectious (Zika virus) disorders. This review addresses astroglial cell-autonomous vesicular traffic network, classified into primary and secondary vesicular network defects in diseases, targets for developing new therapies for neurologic conditions.
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