Phenotype and animal domestication: A study of dental variation between domestic, wild, captive, hybrid and insular Sus scrofa.
Phenotype and animal domestication: A study of dental variation between domestic, wild, captive, hybrid and insular Sus scrofa.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12862-014-0269-x
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发表时间：
2015-02-04
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Cucchi T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evin A;Dobney K;Schafberg R;Owen J;Vidarsdottir US;Larson G;Cucchi T
对于研究驯化早期历史的研究人员来说，识别驯化的表型反应仍然是一个长期而重要的问题。今天存在的家养动物和植物的巨大多样性证明了过去数千年来驯化在其祖先野生形式中所引起的深刻变化。驯化是一个复杂的进化过程，在这个过程中，野生生物被转移到新的人类环境中。虽然现代遗传学正在显著提高我们对驯化和品种形成的理解，但对与这一过程本身相关的形态变化仍然知之甚少。为了探索不同人类控制水平引起的表型变异，我们分析了现代自由生活和圈养野生、野生×家养杂交、家养和岛状Sus scrofa种群牙齿大小、形状和异速生长的多样性。我们发现，驯化创造了野猪没有的全新牙齿表型(尽管家猪之间的变异量不超过野生猪的变异量)。野猪牙齿的形状似乎也有生物地理结构，很可能是冰川后重新殖民史的结果。此外，在家养品种中也观察到了不同的牙齿表型，这可能是过去和现在不同类型和强度的畜牧实践的结果。圈养似乎也会影响牙齿的形状。野猪和家猪的第二臼齿在形状上完全介于野猪和家猪之间(然而，第三臼齿与野猪的形状更相似)，而它们的大小与家猪更相似。今天在科西嘉岛和撒丁岛上发现的岛上的Sus scrofa种群(最初是由新石器时代的定居者引入这些岛屿)的牙齿表型可以通过最初引入的家猪的发酵来解释，或者是创始种群在很长一段时间内保持着野猪的表型。驯化已经驱动了Sus scrofa的显着表型多样化。圈养(环境控制)、杂交(混合基因组)和引入岛屿都对应于人类控制的不同水平，可以被认为是驯化过程的不同阶段。相对广为人知的猪遗传进化史在表型水平上表现出类似的复杂性。本文的在线版本(doi：10.1186/s12862-0140269-x)包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。
Identifying the phenotypic responses to domestication remains a long-standing and important question for researchers studying its early history. The great diversity in domestic animals and plants that exists today bears testament to the profound changes that domestication has induced in their ancestral wild forms over the last millennia. Domestication is a complex evolutionary process in which wild organisms are moved to new anthropogenic environments. Although modern genetics are significantly improving our understanding of domestication and breed formation, little is still known about the associated morphological changes linked to the process itself. In order to explore phenotypic variation induced by different levels of human control, we analysed the diversity of dental size, shape and allometry in modern free-living and captive wild, wild x domestic hybrid, domestic and insular Sus scrofa populations. We show that domestication has created completely new dental phenotypes not found in wild boar (although the amount of variation amongst domestic pigs does not exceed that found in the wild). Wild boar tooth shape also appears to be biogeographically structured, likely the result of post-glacial recolonisation history. Furthermore, distinct dental phenotypes were also observed among domestic breeds, probably the result of differing types and intensity of past and present husbandry practices. Captivity also appears to impact tooth shape. Wild x domestic hybrids possess second molars that are strictly intermediate in shape between wild boar and domestic pigs (third molars, however, showing greater shape similarity with wild boar) while their size is more similar to domestic pigs. The dental phenotypes of insular Sus scrofa populations found on Corsica and Sardinia today (originally introduced by Neolithic settlers to the islands) can be explained either by feralization of the original introduced domestic swine or that the founding population maintained a wild boar phenotype through time. Domestication has driven significant phenotypic diversification in Sus scrofa. Captivity (environmental control), hybridization (genome admixture), and introduction to islands all correspond to differing levels of human control and may be considered different stages of the domestication process. The relatively well-known genetic evolutionary history of pigs shows a similar complexity at the phenotypic level. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0269-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
1
作者：
Cucchi, T.;Fujita, M.;Dobney, K.
通讯作者：
Dobney, K.
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y
DOI：
10.1007/0-387-27614-9_6
发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
MODERN MORPHOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Baylac, Michel;Friess, Martin
通讯作者：
Friess, Martin
影响因子：
0.8
作者：
BARTLEY, MM
通讯作者：
BARTLEY, MM
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Dray, Stephane;Dufour, Anne-Beatrice
通讯作者：
Dufour, Anne-Beatrice