Start position strongly influences fixation patterns during face processing: difficulties with eye movements as a measure of information use.
Start position strongly influences fixation patterns during face processing: difficulties with eye movements as a measure of information use.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0031106
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Baker CI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arizpe J;Kravitz DJ;Yovel G;Baker CI
固定模式被认为是反映认知加工，因此，索引最翔实的刺激功能的任务性能。在人脸识别过程中，对鼻子中心的初始注视被用来指示该位置对于信息提取是最佳的。然而，使用固定作为标记的信息使用依赖于这样的假设，即固定模式主要是由刺激和任务，尽管事实上，固定也受到视觉运动因素的影响。在这里，我们测试了在面部识别任务中，直立和倒置的面孔的起始位置对固定模式的影响。虽然我们观察到直立和倒置面部之间的注视差异，可能反映了认知过程的差异，但起始位置也有很强的影响。在前五次扫视中，开始位置上的注视模式只是粗略相似，大部分注视在眼睛周围。然而，重要的是，精确的固定模式高度依赖于开始位置，具有强烈的倾向于距离开始位置最远的面部特征。例如，经常报道的倾向于左眼超过右眼的趋势在左起始位置时是相反的。此外，延迟的初始扫视中央与周边开始位置建议更大的信息处理之前的初始扫视，突出常用的中心开始位置引入的实验偏差。最后，面孔倒置对注视模式的精确影响也依赖于起始位置。这些结果表明，在确定固定模式的非刺激，非任务因素的重要性。观察到的模式可能反映了视觉运动效应和简单采样策略以及认知因素的复杂组合。这些不同的因素是很难梳理分开，因此，必须非常谨慎的解释时，绝对固定位置的信息使用的指示，特别是在一个精细的空间尺度。
Fixation patterns are thought to reflect cognitive processing and, thus, index the most informative stimulus features for task performance. During face recognition, initial fixations to the center of the nose have been taken to indicate this location is optimal for information extraction. However, the use of fixations as a marker for information use rests on the assumption that fixation patterns are predominantly determined by stimulus and task, despite the fact that fixations are also influenced by visuo-motor factors. Here, we tested the effect of starting position on fixation patterns during a face recognition task with upright and inverted faces. While we observed differences in fixations between upright and inverted faces, likely reflecting differences in cognitive processing, there was also a strong effect of start position. Over the first five saccades, fixation patterns across start positions were only coarsely similar, with most fixations around the eyes. Importantly, however, the precise fixation pattern was highly dependent on start position with a strong tendency toward facial features furthest from the start position. For example, the often-reported tendency toward the left over right eye was reversed for the left starting position. Further, delayed initial saccades for central versus peripheral start positions suggest greater information processing prior to the initial saccade, highlighting the experimental bias introduced by the commonly used center start position. Finally, the precise effect of face inversion on fixation patterns was also dependent on start position. These results demonstrate the importance of a non-stimulus, non-task factor in determining fixation patterns. The patterns observed likely reflect a complex combination of visuo-motor effects and simple sampling strategies as well as cognitive factors. These different factors are very difficult to tease apart and therefore great caution must be applied when interpreting absolute fixation locations as indicative of information use, particularly at a fine spatial scale.
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