Glutathione in Cellular Redox Homeostasis: Association with the Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1 (EAAC1).
Glutathione in Cellular Redox Homeostasis: Association with the Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1 (EAAC1).
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DOI：
10.3390/molecules20058742
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发表时间：
2015-05-14
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nakaki T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aoyama K;Nakaki T
活性氧（ROS）是细胞氧消耗代谢的副产物，主要在线粒体中产生。已知ROS是高活性离子或含氧自由基，其损害氧化还原稳态和细胞功能，导致细胞死亡。在生理条件下，多种抗氧化系统通过激活ROS来维持细胞内氧化还原平衡和正常的细胞功能。本文综述了抗氧化系统在维持氧化还原稳态中的作用。尤其是谷胱甘肽（GSH）是最重要的含巯基分子，因为它作为氧化还原缓冲剂，抗氧化剂和抗氧化应激的酶辅因子发挥作用。在大脑中，GSH合成功能障碍导致GSH耗竭，加剧氧化应激，这与衰老相关的神经退行性疾病的发病机制有关。兴奋性氨基酸载体1（EAAC 1）在神经元GSH合成中起着关键作用。并对EAAC1的调控机制进行了讨论。
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of the cellular metabolism of oxygen consumption, produced mainly in the mitochondria. ROS are known to be highly reactive ions or free radicals containing oxygen that impair redox homeostasis and cellular functions, leading to cell death. Under physiological conditions, a variety of antioxidant systems scavenge ROS to maintain the intracellular redox homeostasis and normal cellular functions. This review focuses on the antioxidant system’s roles in maintaining redox homeostasis. Especially, glutathione (GSH) is the most important thiol-containing molecule, as it functions as a redox buffer, antioxidant, and enzyme cofactor against oxidative stress. In the brain, dysfunction of GSH synthesis leading to GSH depletion exacerbates oxidative stress, which is linked to a pathogenesis of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) plays a pivotal role in neuronal GSH synthesis. The regulatory mechanism of EAAC1 is also discussed.
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