Mechanisms of group A Streptococcus resistance to reactive oxygen species.
Mechanisms of group A Streptococcus resistance to reactive oxygen species.
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DOI：
10.1093/femsre/fuu009
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Cole JN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henningham A;Döhrmann S;Nizet V;Cole JN
化脓性链球菌（Streptococcus pyogenes），也称为A组链球菌（GAS），是一种专门针对人类的革兰氏阳性细菌病原体，在全球感染相关死亡原因中排名前10位。GAS通常引起良性和自限性上皮感染（咽炎和脓疱病），以及不太常见的严重侵袭性疾病（菌血症、中毒性休克综合征和坏死性筋膜炎）。每年，GAS导致7亿例感染，包括180万例侵入性感染，死亡率为25%。为了建立感染，GAS必须抵消由宿主免疫细胞如中性粒细胞和单核细胞在感染部位释放活性氧（ROS）产生的氧化应激条件。ROS是氧代谢的高活性和毒性副产物，包括过氧化氢（H2O2）、超氧阴离子（O2·−）、羟基自由基（OH·）和单线态氧（O2*），其可破坏细菌核酸、蛋白质和细胞膜。本文综述了GAS在氧化应激条件下阻止ROS和生存的酶促和调节机制。本文讨论了细菌病原体A组链球菌在氧化应激条件下对活性氧进行解毒并在人类宿主中生存的机制。这篇综述讨论了细菌病原体A组链球菌利用的机制，解毒活性氧和生存在人类宿主的氧化应激条件下。
Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus (GAS), is an exclusively human Gram-positive bacterial pathogen ranked among the ‘top 10’ causes of infection-related deaths worldwide. GAS commonly causes benign and self-limiting epithelial infections (pharyngitis and impetigo), and less frequent severe invasive diseases (bacteremia, toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis). Annually, GAS causes 700 million infections, including 1.8 million invasive infections with a mortality rate of 25%. In order to establish an infection, GAS must counteract the oxidative stress conditions generated by the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the infection site by host immune cells such as neutrophils and monocytes. ROS are the highly reactive and toxic byproducts of oxygen metabolism, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2•−), hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and singlet oxygen (O2*), which can damage bacterial nucleic acids, proteins and cell membranes. This review summarizes the enzymatic and regulatory mechanisms utilized by GAS to thwart ROS and survive under conditions of oxidative stress. This review discusses the mechanisms utilized by the bacterial pathogen group A Streptococcus to detoxify reactive oxygen species and survive in the human host under conditions of oxidative stress. This review discusses the mechanisms utilized by the bacterial pathogen group A Streptococcus to detoxify reactive oxygen species and survive in the human host under conditions of oxidative stress.
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