Salience of spatiochromatic patterns.
Salience of spatiochromatic patterns.
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DOI：
10.1167/jov.21.4.7
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发表时间：
2021-04-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Martinovic J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hardman AC;Martinovic J
我们研究了感知对比度对锥体对手刺激内容及其空间分布的依赖性。参与者将比较补丁与固定对比度的浅灰色标准进行匹配。第一个实验确定了光栅、伽伯函数和高斯函数在圆锥对立色彩空间中沿基本方向的等显着点，以实现两种替代的强制选择 (2AFC) 和调整任务。调整任务和 2AFC 任务之间没有发现差异，这意味着调整任务提供了一种快速而稳健的方法来测量感知对比度，至少对于相对较大的阈上刺激而言是如此。根据高斯、加伯和光栅之间对比度能量的差异，高斯需要较少的对比度来实现与标准相同的感知显着性，而与颜色无关。更令人惊讶的是，在相同的对比度水平下，蓝色高斯分布比黄色高斯分布具有更高的显着性。尽管感知到的光栅和 Gabor 图案的对比度可能取决于空间频率通道，每度 1 个周期对于颜色和亮度的调整并不太相似，但对于高斯神经元来说，单对立神经元对颜色的贡献将大于对亮度的贡献。在后续实验中，我们发现，当我们减少刺激中低通非平坦对比度分布的比例时，蓝/黄不对称性会减少，而具有平坦对比度分布（即均匀斑块）的刺激的不对称性最小。结合起来，这意味着空间频率通道、单对立和双对立神经元的差异参与会影响色彩阈上刺激的感知对比度。因此，感知对比度提供了一个了解低级锥体对抗机制所执行的神经计算的窗口。
We investigated the dependence of perceived contrast on cone-opponent stimulus content and its spatial distribution. Participants matched a comparison patch to a light gray standard of fixed contrast. The first experiment determined the point of iso-salience for gratings, Gabors and Gaussians along cardinal directions in cone-opponent color space for two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) and adjustment tasks. No difference was found between adjustment and 2AFC tasks, meaning that adjustment tasks provide a quick and robust way to measure perceived contrast, at least for relatively large suprathreshold stimuli. In line with the differences in contrast energy between Gaussians, Gabors, and gratings, Gaussians required less contrast to achieve equal perceived salience with a standard irrespective of color. More surprisingly, bluish Gaussians were found to have higher salience than yellowish Gaussians at equal levels of contrast. Although perceived contrast of grating and Gabor patterns likely depends on spatial frequency channels that at 1 cycle-per-degree are not too dissimilarly tuned for color and luminance, for Gaussians the contribution of single-opponent neurons would be greater for color than for luminance. In a follow-up experiment, we found that the bluish/yellowish asymmetry decreased as we reduced the proportion of the lowpass non-flat contrast distribution in the stimulus, with minimal asymmetry for the stimulus with a flat contrast distribution (i.e., uniform patch). Combined, this means that differential engagement of spatial frequency channels, single-opponent and double-opponent neurons impacts on perceived contrast of chromatic suprathreshold stimuli. Perceived contrast thus provides a window into neural computations enacted by low-level cone-opponent mechanisms.
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