The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: a molecular target for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy.

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: a molecular target for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.07.009
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发表时间:
2010-01
影响因子:
6.2
通讯作者:
Martin, Lee J.
Martin, Lee J.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Martin, Lee J.

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肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种致命的运动神经元疾病,需要有效的治疗方法。形态学、生物化学、分子遗传学和细胞/动物模型研究表明,线粒体在神经退行性疾病机制和神经元细胞死亡中具有潜在的不同作用。在人类ALS中,已发现线粒体结构、线粒体呼吸链酶和线粒体细胞死亡蛋白的异常,表明程序性细胞死亡的一些非经典形式。ALS的小鼠模型开始揭示可能的原则,涉及线粒体的选择性神经元脆弱性的生物学。这篇小综述总结了关于线粒体功能障碍如何通过称为线粒体通透性孔(mPTP)的生物物理实体促进ALS中神经元死亡的工作。mPTP的主要蛋白组分在小鼠运动神经元中富集。在表达人突变型超氧化物歧化酶-1的ALS小鼠的病程早期,运动神经元中的线粒体经历运输异常和急剧重塑,导致形成巨型线粒体,并与增加的蛋白质羰基形成和mPTP组分的硝化相一致。主要mPTP组分亲环素D的遗传缺失通过延迟疾病发作和延长存活在ALS小鼠中具有稳健的作用。因此,应将注意力集中在mPTP上,将其作为开发用于治疗ALS的药物的合理靶点。
Effective therapies are needed for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal type of motor neuron disease. Morphological, biochemical, molecular genetic, and cell/animal model studies suggest that mitochondria have potentially diverse roles in neurodegenerative disease mechanisms and neuronal cell death. In human ALS, abnormalities have been found in mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, and mitochondrial cell death proteins indicative of some non-classical form of programmed cell death. Mouse models of ALS are beginning to reveal possible principles governing the biology of selective neuronal vulnerability that implicate mitochondria. This minireview summarizes work on the how malfunctioning mitochondria might contribute to neuronal death in ALS through the biophysical entity called the mitochondrial permeability pore (mPTP). The major protein components of the mPTP are enriched in mouse motor neurons. Early in the course of disease in ALS mice expressing human mutant superoxide dismutase-1, mitochondria in motor neurons undergo trafficking abnormalities and dramatic remodeling resulting in the formation of mega-mitochondria and coinciding with increased protein carbonyl formation and nitration of mPTP components. The genetic deletion of a major mPTP component, cyclophilin D, has robust effects in ALS mice by delaying disease onset and extending survival. Thus, attention should be directed to the mPTP as rational target for the development of drugs designed to treat ALS.
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