The mean-field limit of quantum Bose gases at positive temperature

The mean-field limit of quantum Bose gases at positive temperature
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正温度下量子玻色气体的平均场极限

DOI:
10.1090/jams/987
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Fröhlich J
Fröhlich J
中科院分区:
数学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fröhlich J

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我们证明了在平均场极限下,相互作用量子玻色气体的巨正则吉布斯态收敛于非线性薛定谔方程的吉布斯测度,其中气体的密度变大,相互作用强度与密度的倒数成正比.我们的结果在维度上成立。因为吉布斯测度是负正则分布的支持,我们必须重新正规化相互作用。更精确地说,我们证明了相对配分函数和约化密度矩阵在最优指数范数下的收敛性。此外,我们还证明了Wick有序约化密度矩阵的-范数收敛性,这使得我们能够控制Wick有序粒子密度的相关性以及粒子数的渐进分布。我们的证明是基于巨正则吉布斯状态的函数积分表示,其中收敛到平均场极限如下正式从一个无限维固定相参数定义不佳的非高斯措施。通过引入一个白噪声型辅助场,我们使这一论点严格,通过该辅助场,泛函积分表示为由时间依赖的周期性随机势驱动的热方程的传播子,并且可以反过来表示为相互作用的布朗回路和路径的气体。当气体被一个外部囚禁势所限制时,我们利用布朗桥的漂移概率来控制约化密度矩阵的衰减。引用
We prove that the grand canonical Gibbs state of an interacting quantum Bose gas converges to the Gibbs measure of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the mean-field limit, where the density of the gas becomes large and the interaction strength is proportional to the inverse density. Our results hold in dimensions. Forthe Gibbs measure is supported on distributions of negative regularity and we have to renormalize the interaction. More precisely, we prove the convergence of the relative partition function and of the reduced density matrices in the-norm with optimal exponent. Moreover, we prove the convergence in the-norm of Wick-ordered reduced density matrices, which allows us to control correlations of Wick-ordered particle densities as well as the asymptotic distribution of the particle number. Our proof is based on a functional integral representation of the grand canonical Gibbs state, in which convergence to the mean-field limit follows formally from an infinite-dimensional stationary phase argument for ill-defined non-Gaussian measures. We make this argument rigorous by introducing a white-noise-type auxiliary field, through which the functional integral is expressed in terms of propagators of heat equations driven by time-dependent periodic random potentials and can, in turn, be expressed as a gas of interacting Brownian loops and paths. When the gas is confined by an external trapping potential, we control the decay of the reduced density matrices using excursion probabilities of Brownian bridges. References
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发表时间: 2014
影响因子: 2.4
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