Machine learning provides novel neurophysiological features that predict performance to inhibit automated responses.
Machine learning provides novel neurophysiological features that predict performance to inhibit automated responses.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-018-34727-7
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发表时间：
2018-11-02
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Beste C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vahid A;Mückschel M;Neuhaus A;Stock AK;Beste C
事件相关电位（ERP）等神经生理学特征长期以来一直被用于识别可能有助于任务执行的不同认知子过程。然而，“经典”ERP是否真的是对可观察到的行为变化的最佳反映，甚至是因果关系，仍然不清楚。在这里，我们使用数据驱动的策略，从执行Go/Nogo任务的n = 240名健康年轻人的神经生理数据中提取特征，并使用机器学习方法与源定位相结合，以确定个体间性能变化的最佳预测因子。Nogo-N2和Nogo-P3都产生了接近机会水平的预测，但这两个过程之间的一个与运动皮层活动（BA4）相关的特征预测了高达68%的群体成员资格。我们还在theta和alpha波段发现了两个与Nogo相关的特征，这些特征预测了高达78%的行为表现。值得注意的是，θ波段特征对预测的贡献最大，并且与预测性ERP特征同时发生。我们的方法提供了一个严格的测试，建立神经生理学相关的反应抑制，并表明，其他过程，发生在Nogo-N2和P3之间，可能是平等的，如果不是更大的，重要性。
Neurophysiological features like event-related potentials (ERPs) have long been used to identify different cognitive sub-processes that may contribute to task performance. It has however remained unclear whether “classical” ERPs are truly the best reflection or even causal to observable variations in behavior. Here, we used a data-driven strategy to extract features from neurophysiological data of n = 240 healthy young individuals who performed a Go/Nogo task and used machine learning methods in combination with source localization to identify the best predictors of inter-individual performance variations. Both Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3 yielded predictions close to chance level, but a feature in between those two processes, associated with motor cortex activity (BA4), predicted group membership with up to ~68%. We further found two Nogo-associated features in the theta and alpha bands, that predicted behavioral performance with up to ~78%. Notably, the theta band feature contributed most to the prediction and occurred at the same time as the predictive ERP feature. Our approach provides a rigorous test for established neurophysiological correlates of response inhibition and suggests that other processes, which occur in between the Nogo-N2 and P3, might be of equal, if not even greater, importance.
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