The Effects of Lexical Pitch Accent on Infant Word Recognition in Japanese.
The Effects of Lexical Pitch Accent on Infant Word Recognition in Japanese.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02354
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Mazuka R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ota M;Yamane N;Mazuka R
词汇声调语言(如普通话)的学习者在11个月后会发展出对声调对比的敏感性，并识别音调匹配但不是音调不匹配的熟悉单词。非声调语言(如英语)的学习者也表现出将音高模式视为词汇对比的倾向，最长可达18个月。在这项研究中，我们考察了这种对音调变化进行词汇编码的早期发展能力是否能使婴儿获得音调重音系统，在该系统中，基于音调的词汇对比被词汇和非词汇(即语调)特征的交互作用所掩盖。对18名17个月大的学习东京日语的孩子进行了一项测试，测试他们对预期音高或词汇相反音高模式的熟悉单词的识别能力。在早期的试验中，在音调匹配的情况下，婴儿将视线从分心物体转移到目标物体的速度比从目标物体转移到分心物体的速度更快。然而，在后来的试验中，婴儿在音调匹配和音调不匹配的条件下，表现出从分心物到靶子的速度比从靶子到分心物的变化更快。我们将这些结果解释为，在音调-口音系统中，使用音调变化来识别单词的能力在17个月时仍处于萌芽状态。
Learners of lexical tone languages (e.g., Mandarin) develop sensitivity to tonal contrasts and recognize pitch-matched, but not pitch-mismatched, familiar words by 11 months. Learners of non-tone languages (e.g., English) also show a tendency to treat pitch patterns as lexically contrastive up to about 18 months. In this study, we examined if this early-developing capacity to lexically encode pitch variations enables infants to acquire a pitch accent system, in which pitch-based lexical contrasts are obscured by the interaction of lexical and non-lexical (i.e., intonational) features. Eighteen 17-month-olds learning Tokyo Japanese were tested on their recognition of familiar words with the expected pitch or the lexically opposite pitch pattern. In early trials, infants were faster in shifting their eyegaze from the distractor object to the target object than in shifting from the target to distractor in the pitch-matched condition. In later trials, however, infants showed faster distractor-to-target than target-to-distractor shifts in both the pitch-matched and pitch-mismatched conditions. We interpret these results to mean that, in a pitch-accent system, the ability to use pitch variations to recognize words is still in a nascent state at 17 months.
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