Vestibulo-sympathetic responses.
Vestibulo-sympathetic responses.
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DOI：
10.1002/cphy.c130041
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Macefield VG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yates BJ;Bolton PS;Macefield VG
30多年来，通过动物和人类实验积累的证据确凿地表明，前庭耳石器官的输入有助于控制运动和姿势变化时的血压。这篇综述考虑了重力对身体轴的影响，以及体位变化对体内血液分布的影响。然后分别考虑在动物和人类实验中收集的结果，这些结果表明前庭系统在运动时调节体内的血液分布。前庭交感反射不同于释放心血管受体（如压力受体和心肺受体）所引发的反应，因为它们可以在体内血液分布发生变化之前被激发出来。在人类和动物的前庭交感反射的表达的差异也被描述。特别值得一提的是，有证据表明，前庭交感神经反射是有模式的，而且在不同的身体区域是不同的。本文讨论了动物神经生理学和神经解剖学研究的结果，确定了介导前庭交感神经反应的神经元，包括前庭核复合体尾侧的细胞、外侧髓网状结构中的中间神经元和延髓吻侧腹外侧（RVLM）的球脊髓神经元。最近的研究结果也表明，认知可以改变前庭交感神经反应的获得，并提出了调节反应适应性可塑性的神经通路，包括小脑后蚓与前庭核和脑干核的连接，这些神经通路调节血压。
Evidence accumulated over 30 years, from experiments on animals and human subjects, has conclusively demonstrated that inputs from the vestibular otolith organs contribute to the control of blood pressure during movement and changes in posture. This review considers the effects of gravity on the body axis, and the consequences of postural changes on blood distribution in the body. It then separately considers findings collected in experiments on animals and human subjects demonstrating that the vestibular system regulates blood distribution in the body during movement. Vestibulosympathetic reflexes differ from responses triggered by unloading of cardiovascular receptors such as baroreceptors and cardiopulmonary receptors, as they can be elicited before a change in blood distribution occurs in the body. Dissimilarities in the expression of vestibulosympathetic reflexes in humans and animals are also described. In particular, there is evidence from experiments in animals, but not humans, that vestibulosympathetic reflexes are patterned, and differ between body regions. Results from neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies in animals are discussed that identify the neurons that mediate vestibulosympathetic responses, which include cells in the caudal aspect of the vestibular nucleus complex, interneurons in the lateral medullary reticular formation, and bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Recent findings showing that cognition can modify the gain of vestibulosympathetic responses are also presented, and neural pathways that could mediate adaptive plasticity in the responses are proposed, including connections of the posterior cerebellar vermis with the vestibular nuclei and brainstem nuclei that regulate blood pressure.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Aoki, Mitsuhiro;Sakaida, Yuzuru;Ito, Yatsuji
通讯作者：
Ito, Yatsuji
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
BAHR, R;BLUMBERG, H;JANIG, W
通讯作者：
JANIG, W
影响因子：
--
作者：
AGARWAL, SK;CALARESU, FR
通讯作者：
CALARESU, FR
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Balaban, CD
通讯作者：
Balaban, CD
DOI：
10.1016/0165-1838(94)90128-7
发表时间：
1994-12-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
影响因子：
--
作者：
BEART, PM;SUMMERS, RJ;CHRISTIE, MJ
通讯作者：
CHRISTIE, MJ