Initiation and perpetuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and assembly.

Initiation and perpetuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and assembly.
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DOI:
10.1111/imr.12286
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发表时间:
2015-05
影响因子:
8.7
通讯作者:
Sutterwala FS
Sutterwala FS
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Elliott EI;Sutterwala FS

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NLRP 3(NOD样受体家族,含有pyrin结构域3)炎性体是一种多蛋白复合物,其通过激活半胱天冬酶-1和成熟炎性细胞因子白介素-1 β(pro-IL-1β)和pro-IL-18来协调对感染和细胞应激的先天免疫应答。感染期间炎性体的活化可以是保护性的,但是响应于非致病性内源性或外源性刺激的不受调节的NLRP 3炎性体活化可以导致非预期的病理。NLRP 3与线粒体和线粒体分子相关,并且响应于不同刺激的NLRP 3炎性体的激活需要阳离子通量、线粒体Ca 2+摄取和线粒体活性氧物质积累。目前还不确定NLRP 3是否能检测线粒体的完整性并感知线粒体损伤,或者线粒体是否只是作为炎性小体组装的物理平台。活性的、加工半胱天冬酶-1的NLRP 3炎性体的结构也需要进一步澄清,但是最近描述ASC的朊病毒样性质的研究已经推进了对炎性体组装和半胱天冬酶-1活化如何发生的理解,同时提出了关于NLRP 3炎性体活化的传播和解决的新问题。在这里,我们回顾了调节NLRP 3炎性体激活的机制和途径,讨论了NLRP 3复杂组织中的新概念,并揭示了阻碍全面理解NLRP 3激活的知识差距。
The NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that orchestrates innate immune responses to infection and cell stress through activation of Caspase-1 and maturation of inflammatory cytokines pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β) and pro-IL-18. Activation of the inflammasome during infection can be protective, but unregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to non-pathogenic endogenous or exogenous stimuli can lead to unintended pathology. NLRP3 associates with mitochondria and mitochondrial molecules, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to diverse stimuli requires cation flux, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation. It remains uncertain whether NLRP3 surveys mitochondrial integrity and senses mitochondrial damage, or whether mitochondria simply serve as a physical platform for inflammasome assembly. The structure of the active, caspase-1-processing NLRP3 inflammasome also requires further clarification, but recent studies describing the prion-like properties of ASC have advanced the understanding of how inflammasome assembly and caspase-1 activation occur while raising new questions regarding the propagation and resolution of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here we review the mechanisms and pathways regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation, discuss emerging concepts in NLRP3 complex organization, and expose the knowledge gaps hindering a comprehensive understanding of NLRP3 activation.
朊病毒样聚合是抗病毒免疫防御和炎症小体激活中信号转导的基础。
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