Large‐diameter trees affect snow duration in post‐fire old‐growth forests
Large‐diameter trees affect snow duration in post‐fire old‐growth forests
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大直径树木影响火灾后老生长林的积雪持续时间
DOI：
10.1002/eco.2414
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Lutz, James A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Teich, Michaela;Becker, Kendall M. L.;Raleigh, Mark S.;Lutz, James A.
火灾后森林的降雪持续时间受到树木，障碍物和枯木的影响。我们使用每年解决的，空间上明确的树木和树木死亡率数据收集在一个古老的成长，混合针叶林在内华达州，加州，燃烧在低到中等严重程度，计算10个树木邻里指标的邻里高达40米的积雪深度和积雪消失采样点。我们开发了两个线性混合模型，预测雪消失的时间作为一个功能的树邻居，凋落物密度，和模拟传入的太阳辐射，和两个多元回归模型解释雪深度的变化作为一个功能的树邻居。在采样点10 m范围内，火灾后大直径障碍物的密度较高，与积雪深度较高有关（表明积雪拦截减少）。5米范围内的大直径树木密度较高，凋落物量较大，与降雪持续时间较短有关（表明长波辐射发射增加，雪的衰变加速）。然而，在雪消失采样点10米范围内直径>60厘米的活树与持续时间较长的春季积雪有关。这表明，尽管当地的影响，树冠拦截和发射长波辐射的树干大树，从他们的树冠遮蔽可能会延长降雪持续时间在一个更大的区域。因此，在古老的森林中保护大直径的树木是很重要的，因为它们可以抵抗火灾，并可以增加融雪的季节性持续时间。
Snow duration in post‐fire forests is influenced by neighbourhoods of trees, snags, and deadwood. We used annually resolved, spatially explicit tree and tree mortality data collected in an old‐growth, mixed‐conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada, California, that burned at low to moderate severity to calculate 10 tree neighbourhood metrics for neighbourhoods up to 40 m from snow depth and snow disappearance sampling points. We developed two linear mixed models, predicting snow disappearance timing as a function of tree neighbourhood, litter density, and simulated incoming solar radiation, and two multiple regression models explaining variation in snow depth as a function of tree neighbourhood. Higher densities of post‐fire large‐diameter snags within 10 m of a sampling point were related to higher snow depth (indicating reduced snow interception). Higher densities of large‐diameter trees within 5 m and larger amounts of litter were associated with shorter snow duration (indicating increased longwave radiation emittance and accelerated snow albedo decay). However, live trees with diameters >60 cm within 10 m of a snow disappearance sampling point were associated with a longer‐lasting spring snowpack. This suggests that, despite the local effects of canopy interception and emitted longwave radiation from boles of large trees, shading from their canopies may prolong snow duration over a larger area. Therefore, conservation of widely spaced, large‐diameter trees is important in old‐growth forests because they are resistant to fire and can enhance the seasonal duration of snowmelt.
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