Shamanism at the transition from foraging to farming in Southwest Asia: sacra, ritual, and performance at Neolithic WF16 (southern Jordan)

Shamanism at the transition from foraging to farming in Southwest Asia: sacra, ritual, and performance at Neolithic WF16 (southern Jordan)
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西南亚从采集向农业过渡的萨满教:新石器时代的圣礼、仪式和表演 WF16(约旦南部)

DOI:
10.1080/00758914.2022.2104559
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
0.8
通讯作者:
Mithen S
Mithen S
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mithen S

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萨满教是一种普遍存在的宗教仪式,记录于世界各地的狩猎采集和农业社会,并在当今的一些城市社区中继续存在。尽管表现出相当大的变化,萨满教有几个经常性的特点,特别是萨满作为精神和人类世界之间的调解人的作用。萨满教被用来解释西南亚和安纳托利亚的Epipalaeolithic和新石器时代的考古记录。在这项工作的基础上,这篇文章探讨了萨满教是否可能解释约旦南部新石器时代早期WF16定居点的有趣发现,特别是大量的鸟骨,动物形态文物和建筑特征。对证据的一系列解释被认为是最令人信服的萨满教,这表明萨满教的思想和实践在WF16的日常生活中无处不在。本文最后提出,萨满教发挥了关键作用,在全新世早期的过渡,从狩猎和采集到农业在西南亚,因为它提供了一种手段,应对气候和经济变化所产生的不确定性。
Shamanism is a pervasive form of ritual practice documented within hunter-gathering and farming societies throughout the world, and continuing within some present-day urban communities. Despite exhibiting considerable variation, shamanism has several recurrent features, notably the role of the shaman as a mediator between the spirit and human worlds. Shamanism has been cited to explain aspects of the Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic archaeological records in Southwest Asia and Anatolia. Building on that work, this contribution explores whether shamanism might account for intriguing finds from the early Neolithic settlement of WF16 in southern Jordan, notably a large quantity of bird bones, zoomorphic artefacts and architectural features. A range of interpretations for the evidence are considered with shamanism emerging as the most compelling, suggesting that shamanic thought and practice pervaded daily life at WF16. The paper concludes by proposing that shamanism played a key role in the Early Holocene transition from hunting and gathering to farming in Southwest Asia, as it provided a means for coping with the uncertainty arising from climate and economic change.
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