Sex reversal.
Sex reversal.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.043
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发表时间：
2018-11-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Capel B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weber C;Capel B
至少在小鼠中，性别逆转的XX雄性不能产生精子，因为精子发生需要Y染色体上的基因。但是当性反转发生在性别决定的初始阶段时，XY雌性可以产生卵母细胞，尽管通常只有很短的时间。睾丸和卵巢之间形态差异的出现，以及生殖细胞对精子或卵母细胞发育的一致承诺，在Sry表达开始后约3天开始，标志着小鼠可塑期的结束。虽然在胎儿发育后期或成年期关键睾丸分化基因的丢失会导致睾丸变性，雄性激素环境的丧失，有时还会导致某些细胞转分化为卵巢，但这不会导致功能性性逆转为雌性。类似地，关键雌性基因Foxl2的丢失或成熟卵巢中所有卵母细胞的耗尽导致卵巢退化，一些雄性基因的表达，以及雌性中更高的睾酮水平，但它不会导致功能性性逆转为雄性。一般来说，表现出环境性别决定的物种具有较少分化的性染色体或弱的多基因系统，容易受到其他影响。缺乏高度分化的性染色体，含有有利于一种配子类型分化的基因，消除了功能性性逆转的主要障碍。
least in mice, sex-reversed XX males cannot produce sperm because genes on the Y chromosome are required for spermatogenesis. But when sex reversal occurs during the initial stages of sex determination, XY females can produce oocytes, although usually only for a very short period. The emergence of morphological differences between a testis and an ovary, and coincident commitment of germ cells to sperm or oocyte development, begins about 3 days after expression of Sry is initiated and marks the end of the plastic period in mice. Although loss of critical testis differentiation genes later in fetal development or in adult life causes degeneration of the testis, loss of the male hormone environment, and sometimes transdifferentiation of some cells to ovary fate, this does not result in functional sex reversal to female. Similarly, loss of the critical female gene Foxl2 or depletion of all oocytes in the maturing ovary leads to degeneration of the ovary, expression of some male genes, and higher testosterone levels in females, but it does not lead to functional sex reversal to male. In general, species that exhibit environmental sex determination have less-differentiated sex chromosomes or a weak multigenic system that is easily dominated by other influences. The absence of highly differentiated sex chromosomes that contain genes that favor differentiation of one gamete type over another eliminates a major barrier to functional sex reversal.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Matson, Clinton K.;Murphy, Mark W.;Sarver, Aaron L.;Griswold, Michael D.;Bardwell, Vivian J.;Zarkower, David
通讯作者：
Zarkower, David
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Uhlenhaut, N. Henriette;Jakob, Susanne;Treier, Mathias
通讯作者：
Treier, Mathias
影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Marshall Graves JA;Peichel CL
通讯作者：
Peichel CL
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Arnold AP
通讯作者：
Arnold AP
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
CHARNOV, EL;BULL, JJ
通讯作者：
BULL, JJ