Measuring membrane penetration with depth-dependent fluorescence quenching: distribution analysis is coming of age.

Measuring membrane penetration with depth-dependent fluorescence quenching: distribution analysis is coming of age.
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通过深度依赖性荧光猝灭测量膜渗透:分布分析即将成熟。

DOI:
10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.02.019
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发表时间:
2014-09
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Ladokhin, Alexey S.
Ladokhin, Alexey S.
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ladokhin, Alexey S.

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通过脂质连接的猝灭剂(例如,溴原子或doxyl基团)是测定蛋白质和肽渗透进入脂质双层的重要工具。提取定量信息和准确计算的荧光团的深度是复杂的热无序,导致淬灭剂和荧光团的横向位置的广泛分布。21年前,一种称为分布分析(DA)的方法被引入,该方法基于对脂质双层结构横向组织复杂性的新兴观点。该方法的目的是提取定量信息的膜渗透,如位置和宽度的荧光团的分布沿着的深度坐标和其暴露的脂质相。在这里,我们回顾最近的进展,完善DA方法,并说明其应用于蛋白质膜相互作用。我们演示了如何使用分子动力学模拟验证DA方法的基本假设,以及如何通过应用基于稳态和时间分辨荧光猝灭相结合的新协议来提高深度测定的精度。使用的HIV-1 gp 41融合蛋白的跨膜结构域的MPER片段的例子,我们说明了DA应用程序和计算机模拟可以一起使用,以揭示蛋白质膜复合物的分子组织。
Depth-dependent fluorescence quenching by lipid-attached quenchers (e.g., bromine atoms or doxyl groups) is an important tool for determining the penetration of proteins and peptides into lipid bilayers. Extracting quantitative information and accurate calculations of the depth of the fluorophore are complicated by thermal disorder, resulting in broad distributions of the transverse positions of both quenchers and fluorophores. Twenty-one years ago a methodology called Distribution Analysis (DA) was introduced, based on the emerging view of the complexity of the transverse organization of lipid bilayer structure. The method is aimed at extracting quantitative information on membrane penetration, such as position and width of fluorophore's distribution along the depth coordinate and its exposure to the lipid phase. Here we review recent progress in refining the DA method and illustrate its applications to protein-membrane interactions. We demonstrate how basic assumptions of the DA approach can be validated using molecular dynamics simulations and how the precision of depth determination is improved by applying a new protocol based on a combination of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence quenching. Using the example of the MPER fragment of the membrane-spanning domain of the HIV-1 gp41 fusion protein, we illustrate how DA applications and computer simulations can be used together to reveal the molecular organization of a protein-membrane complex.
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