C-terminal tail of human immunodeficiency virus gp41: functionally rich and structurally enigmatic.
C-terminal tail of human immunodeficiency virus gp41: functionally rich and structurally enigmatic.
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DOI：
10.1099/vir.0.046508-0
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发表时间：
2013-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Montelaro RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steckbeck JD;Kuhlmann AS;Montelaro RC
人体免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和获得性免疫缺陷综合症（AIDS）流行病是当前世界范围内最重要的公共卫生威胁之一。虽然许多研究都集中在靶向表面病毒包膜（Env）蛋白（包括gp 120和gp 41胞外域）的艾滋病疫苗上，但gp 41的C-末端尾（CTT）受到的关注相对较少。尽管早期研究强调了特定CTT序列的免疫原性，但CTT已被经典地描绘为I型膜蛋白，其仅限于在Env运输和病毒体掺入中起作用。然而，最近的研究表明，环境CTT有其他重要功能。已显示CTT另外调节细胞和病毒体表面上的Env胞外域结构，影响Env反应性和病毒对构象依赖性中和抗体的敏感性，并改变Env的细胞-细胞和病毒-细胞融合性。本文综述了Env的结构和功能，特别强调了CTT以及最近强调其功能丰富性质的研究。
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic is amongst the most important current worldwide public health threats. While much research has been focused on AIDS vaccines that target the surface viral envelope (Env) protein, including gp120 and the gp41 ectodomain, the C-terminal tail (CTT) of gp41 has received relatively little attention. Despite early studies highlighting the immunogenicity of a particular CTT sequence, the CTT has been classically portrayed as a type I membrane protein limited to functioning in Env trafficking and virion incorporation. Recent studies demonstrate, however, that the Env CTT has other important functions. The CTT has been shown to additionally modulate Env ectodomain structure on the cell and virion surface, affect Env reactivity and viral sensitivity to conformation-dependent neutralizing antibodies, and alter cell–cell and virus–cell fusogenicity of Env. This review provides an overview of the Env structure and function with a particular emphasis on the CTT and recent studies that highlight its functionally rich nature.
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