Induction of stromule formation by extracellular sucrose and glucose in epidermal leaf tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Induction of stromule formation by extracellular sucrose and glucose in epidermal leaf tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2229-11-115
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发表时间：
2011-08-16
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Klösgen RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schattat MH;Klösgen RB
基质是从充满基质的质体表面出现的动态管状结构。尽管在理解某些细胞骨架元件和马达蛋白对子实体维持的重要性方面取得了相当大的进展，但它们在植物细胞内的功能仍然是未知的。有人建议，基质促进质体和其他细胞室之间的代谢物和/或信号的交换，通过增加暴露在胞质中的质体表面积，但基质参与代谢过程的实验证据是不可用的。在库组织和异养细胞培养物中频繁发生的小基质表明，细胞外空间中碳水化合物的存在是小基质形成的可能触发因素。我们已经研究了这一假设与诱导实验使用的上表皮从莲座叶拟南芥作为一个模型系统。我们发现，如果通过真空渗透将蔗糖或葡萄糖施加到质外体，则子实体频率显着增加。相比之下，果糖、山梨醇或甘露醇都不能诱导子实体形成，这排除了子实体诱导仅仅是渗透条件变化的结果的假设。基质的形成依赖于细胞质中的翻译活性，而质体中的蛋白质合成是不需要的。最后，小孢子母细胞的诱导并不局限于上表皮的质体，但同样观察到也与栅栏薄壁组织的叶绿体。建立一个实验系统，允许通过真空渗透叶组织的可重复诱导的基质提供了一个合适的工具，系统分析的条件和要求，导致这些动态的细胞器结构的形成。通过分析质外体糖溶液对小孢子形成的影响，证明了该方法的适用性。我们发现，只有一个子集的糖产生的初级代谢的植物诱导子实体的形成，这是进一步依赖于胞质翻译活性。这表明，通过糖敏感机制调节小孢子形成，以及小孢子在碳水化合物代谢和代谢物交换中的可能作用。
Stromules are dynamic tubular structures emerging from the surface of plastids that are filled with stroma. Despite considerable progress in understanding the importance of certain cytoskeleton elements and motor proteins for stromule maintenance, their function within the plant cell is still unknown. It has been suggested that stromules facilitate the exchange of metabolites and/or signals between plastids and other cell compartments by increasing the cytosolically exposed plastid surface area but experimental evidence for the involvement of stromules in metabolic processes is not available. The frequent occurrence of stromules in both sink tissues and heterotrophic cell cultures suggests that the presence of carbohydrates in the extracellular space is a possible trigger of stromule formation. We have examined this hypothesis with induction experiments using the upper epidermis from rosette leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system. We found that the stromule frequency rises significantly if either sucrose or glucose is applied to the apoplast by vacuum infiltration. In contrast, neither fructose nor sorbitol or mannitol are capable of inducing stromule formation which rules out the hypothesis that stromule induction is merely the result of changes in the osmotic conditions. Stromule formation depends on translational activity in the cytosol, whereas protein synthesis within the plastids is not required. Lastly, stromule induction is not restricted to the plastids of the upper epidermis but is similarly observed also with chloroplasts of the palisade parenchyma. The establishment of an experimental system allowing the reproducible induction of stromules by vacuum infiltration of leaf tissue provides a suitable tool for the systematic analysis of conditions and requirements leading to the formation of these dynamic organelle structures. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated here by analyzing the influence of apoplastic sugar solutions on stromule formation. We found that only a subset of sugars generated in the primary metabolism of plants induce stromule formation, which is furthermore dependent on cytosolic translational activity. This suggests regulation of stromule formation by sugar sensing mechanisms and a possible role of stromules in carbohydrate metabolism and metabolite exchange.
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影响因子：
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