The Creation of European Citizenship: Constitutional Miracle or Myopia?
The Creation of European Citizenship: Constitutional Miracle or Myopia?
复制标题
欧洲公民身份的创造：宪法奇迹还是短视？
DOI：
10.1017/cel.2022.11
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
BARNARD C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BARNARD C
欧盟公民身份如今已成为欧盟项目的核心，但其含义、范围和目的仍然是一个备受争议的概念。通过考虑从 1972 年巴黎欧洲理事会直至 1992 年《马斯特里赫特条约》通过的大量法律文本及其准备工作，我们探讨了最初起草者在发展欧盟公民概念时的想法，以及最重要的是，他们没有考虑什么。文章认为，欧洲公民身份的概念被视为定义欧洲身份的工具，从而继续建设整个欧盟。因此，从一开始就通过宪法的棱镜来看待欧洲公民身份。欧洲公民概念的宪法方法融入了《马斯特里赫特条约》下更广泛的宪法化项目，后来又渗透到欧盟法院的判例法中。我们希望指出，这种对欧盟公民身份宪法性质的关注忽视了公民身份更实际的影响，例如如何管理移民流动或东道国为容纳大量欧盟公民的到来所需的基础设施变化（特别是在住房和社会福利方面）。在引入欧盟公民身份后 20 多年，法院才意识到其所追求的发展方向的实际影响，而不是宪法影响。到那时，对于接收欧盟公民最多的国家之一的英国来说已经太晚了；英国以微弱优势投票决定退出欧盟。
EU citizenship, now so central to the European Union's project, remains a highly contested concept in respect of its meaning, its scope, and its purpose. By considering the large body of legal texts and their travaux préparatoires from the 1972 Paris European Council until the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, we have explored what the original drafters had in mind in developing the concept of EU citizenship and, crucially, what they did not. The article argues that the notion of European citizenship was seen as a tool to define European identity, and thus to continue the building of the European Union as a whole. European citizenship was thus viewed through a constitutional prism from the outset. The constitutional approach to the concept of European citizenship fed into the wider constitutionalisation project under the Maastricht Treaty and, later, permeated the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. We wish to argue that this focus on the constitutional nature of EU citizenship overlooked the more practical implications of citizenship, such as how to manage immigration flows or the infrastructure changes needed in the host state to accommodate a significant number of arrivals of EU citizens (in particular in respect of housing and social welfare benefits). It took more than 20 years after the introduction of EU citizenship for the Court of Justice to become aware of the practical, as opposed to constitutional, implications of the direction of travel it had pursued. By that time, it was too late for the United Kingdom, one of the countries which had received the largest number of EU citizens; the UK voted by a narrow margin to leave the European Union.
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