Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Roles in Neurological Disorders.
Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Roles in Neurological Disorders.
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DOI：
10.1155/2021/6640836
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Xu W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jin Q;Wu P;Zhou X;Qian H;Xu W
外泌体是由几乎所有细胞分泌的小的细胞外囊泡（EV），其已被认为是中枢神经系统（CNS）中细胞间通讯的新平台。外泌体能够在神经元和神经胶质细胞之间转移蛋白质、核酸、脂质和代谢物，有助于CNS发育和维持稳态。有证据表明，来源于CNS细胞的外泌体在神经系统疾病的发生和发展中起抑制剂或促进剂的作用。此外，这些外泌体已被证明可以通过血脑屏障（BBB）转移与疾病相关的分子，因此可以在血液中检测到。这种独特的功能使外泌体能够作为神经系统疾病的潜在诊断生物标志物。此外，大量的研究表明，来源于间充质干细胞（MSC）的外泌体对神经系统疾病具有修复作用。在此，我们简要介绍了外泌体在生理和病理条件下的作用。特别是，突出了外泌体作为神经系统疾病的潜在诊断生物标志物和治疗工具的新作用。
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by almost all cells, which have been recognized as a novel platform for intercellular communication in the central nervous system (CNS). Exosomes are capable of transferring proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites between neurons and glial cells, contributing to CNS development and maintenance of homeostasis. Evidence shows that exosomes originating from CNS cells act as suppressors or promoters in the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. Moreover, these exosomes have been shown to transfer molecules associated with diseases through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and thus can be detected in blood. This unique feature enables exosomes to act as potential diagnostic biomarkers for neurological disorders. In addition, a substantial number of researches have indicated that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have repair effects on neurological disorders. Herein, we briefly introduce the roles of exosomes under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, novel roles of exosomes as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for neurological disorders are highlighted.
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