Founding Secure Computation on Blockchains

Founding Secure Computation on Blockchains
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在区块链上建立安全计算

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-17656-3_13
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT 2019
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jain, Abhishek
Jain, Abhishek
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chouchuri, Arka Rai;Goel, Vipul;Jain, Abhishek

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我们研究了区块链混合模型中安全计算的基础,其中区块链-建模为全局功能-可作为加密协议的所有参与者的Oracle。我们展示了区块链的破坏性和建设性应用:我们表明,在许多安全证明中使用的经典的基于倒带的模拟技术,对于已经读取和发布访问全局区块链的区块链活跃对手来说,是失败的。特别是,我们证明了使用黑盒模拟的零知识(ZK)证明不可能对抗区块链活跃的对手。然而,我们证明了,如果诚实的各方也是区块链活跃的,那么对抗区块链活跃的对手是可能实现安全的。利用黑盒模拟方法构造了一个圆形的ZK协议。我们通过黑盒模拟证明恒定轮ZK的不可能性来证明这个结果是紧的。最后,我们展示了区块链的一个新应用,以克服普通模型中并发安全计算的已知不可能性结果。我们基于标准密码学假设,为区块链混合模型中的通用功能构建了一个并发自组合安全计算协议。我们开发了一套用于在区块链混合模型中构建安全协议的技术,我们希望这些技术能够在未来的研究中找到应用该领域。
We study the foundations of secure computation in theblockchain-hybrid model, where a blockchain – modeled as aglobalfunctionality – is available as an Oracle to all the participants of a cryptographic protocol. We demonstrate both destructive and constructive applications of blockchains:We show that classical rewinding-based simulation techniques used in many security proofs fail againstblockchain-activeadversaries that have read and post access to a global blockchain. In particular, we show that zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs with black-box simulation are impossible against blockchain-active adversaries.Nevertheless, we show that achieving security against blockchain-active adversaries is possible if the honest parties are also blockchain active. We construct an-round ZK protocol with black-box simulation. We show that this result is tight by proving the impossibility of constant-round ZK with black-box simulation.Finally, we demonstrate a novel application of blockchains to overcome the known impossibility results for concurrent secure computation in the plain model. We construct a concurrent self-composable secure computation protocol for general functionalities in the blockchain-hybrid model based on standard cryptographic assumptions.We develop a suite of techniques for constructing secure protocols in the blockchain-hybrid model that we hope will find applications to future research in this area.
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