Vertical transmission of fungal endophytes is widespread in forbs.
Vertical transmission of fungal endophytes is widespread in forbs.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.953
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Gange, Alan C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hodgson, Susan;de Cates, Catherine;Hodgson, Joshua;Morley, Neil J.;Sutton, Brian C.;Gange, Alan C.
迄今为止，人们一直认为，在杂类草内生真菌感染其宿主的叶子最常见的空气传播的孢子（称为“水平传播”）。在这里，我们表明，从母株到后代的垂直传递，通过种子，发生在六种杂类草（矢车菊cyanus，C。nigra，Papaver rhoeas，Plantago lanceolata，Rumex acetosa和Senecio vulgaris），表明这可能是一种普遍现象。从田间生长的植物和从这些植物分离的内生菌，以及从在无菌条件下生长的幼苗的后续子叶和真叶收集成熟种子。大多数种子含有一种真菌，尽管植物物种之间内生菌的身份不同。两种内生真菌种，互隔交链孢菌和球孢枝孢菌垂直传播的强有力的证据。这些真菌是从种子、子叶和真叶中回收的，尽管它们与不同的植物物种有关。垂直传播似乎是一个不完美的过程，发芽似乎是真菌生长的瓶颈。我们还发现A. alternata和C. Sphaerospermum发生在花粉粒上和花粉粒内，表明内生菌传播可以在植物世代内和世代之间进行。真菌与花粉管一起生长很可能是内生菌进入发育中的种子的方式。真正的垂直传播似乎很常见，这一事实表明，这些真菌和它们的宿主之间的互利关系比以前认为的要多，幼苗植物拥有内生菌可能会产生深远的生态后果。幼苗可能有不同的生长速度，并更好地保护免受草食动物和病原体的侵害，这取决于母体植物中存在的真菌。这将代表植物跨代抗性的一个新案例。
To date, it has been thought that endophytic fungi in forbs infect the leaves of their hosts most commonly by air-borne spores (termed “horizontal transmission”). Here, we show that vertical transmission from mother plant to offspring, via seeds, occurs in six forb species (Centaurea cyanus, C. nigra,Papaver rhoeas,Plantago lanceolata,Rumex acetosa, and Senecio vulgaris), suggesting that this may be a widespread phenomenon. Mature seeds were collected from field-grown plants and endophytes isolated from these, and from subsequent cotyledons and true leaves of seedlings, grown in sterile conditions. Most seeds contain one species of fungus, although the identity of the endophyte differs between plant species. Strong evidence for vertical transmission was found for two endophyte species, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium sphaerospermum. These fungi were recovered from within seeds, cotyledons, and true leaves, although the plant species they were associated with differed. Vertical transmission appears to be an imperfect process, and germination seems to present a bottleneck for fungal growth. We also found that A. alternata and C. sphaerospermum occur on, and within pollen grains, showing that endophyte transmission can be both within and between plant generations. Fungal growth with the pollen tube is likely to be the way in which endophytes enter the developing seed. The fact that true vertical transmission seems common suggests a more mutualistic association between these fungi and their hosts than has previously been thought, and possession of endophytes by seedling plants could have far-reaching ecological consequences. Seedlings may have different growth rates and be better protected against herbivores and pathogens, dependent on the fungi that were present in the mother plant. This would represent a novel case of trans-generational resistance in plants.
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影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Jaber, Lara R.;Vidal, Stefan
通讯作者：
Vidal, Stefan
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Gange, Alan C.;Dey, Soma;Sutton, Brian C.
通讯作者：
Sutton, Brian C.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Musetti, R.;Vecchione, A.;Pertot, I.
通讯作者：
Pertot, I.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2533483100
发表时间：
2003-12-23
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Arnold, AE;Mejía, LC;Herre, EA
通讯作者：
Herre, EA
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Cook, Daniel;Beaulieu, Wesley T.;Marcolongo-Pereira, Clairton
通讯作者：
Marcolongo-Pereira, Clairton