Fighting the Fog: Evaluating the Clarity of Privacy Disclosures in the Age of CCPA

Fighting the Fog: Evaluating the Clarity of Privacy Disclosures in the Age of CCPA
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对抗迷雾:评估 CCPA 时代隐私披露的清晰度

DOI:
10.1145/3463676.3485601
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
WPES '21: Proceedings of the 20th Workshop on Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sadeh, Norman
Sadeh, Norman
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen, Rex;Fang, Fei;Norton, Thomas;McDonald, Aleecia M.;Sadeh, Norman

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隐私政策中的模糊和模棱两可威胁到消费者对企业如何收集、使用和共享其个人信息做出明智选择的能力。2018年的《加州消费者隐私法》(CCPA)旨在通过强制要求企业(1)明确披露其数据实践和(2)为消费者提供选择退出特定数据实践的选择,为加州消费者提供更多控制权。在这项工作中,我们探讨了CCPA的披露要求在实际隐私政策中实施后,能在多大程度上帮助消费者回答有关企业数据实践的问题。首先,我们分析了95个流行网站的隐私政策;我们的研究结果表明,企业如何解释CCPA的定义存在相当大的差异。然后,我们对364名加州消费者的用户调查表明,这种差异影响了用户理解企业数据实践的能力。我们的研究结果表明,由于CCPA本身的含糊其辞和模棱两可,以及企业在其隐私政策中潜在的不合规行为,目前实施的CCPA对隐私披露的授权尚未达到其设计目的的清晰程度。
Vagueness and ambiguity in privacy policies threaten the ability of consumers to make informed choices about how businesses collect, use, and share their personal information. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) of 2018 was intended to provide Californian consumers with more control by mandating that businesses (1) clearly disclose their data practices and (2) provide choices for consumers to opt out of specific data practices. In this work, we explore to what extent CCPA's disclosure requirements, as implemented in actual privacy policies, can help consumers to answer questions about the data practices of businesses. First, we analyzed 95 privacy policies from popular websites; our findings showed that there is considerable variance in how businesses interpret CCPA's definitions. Then, our user survey of 364 Californian consumers showed that this variance affects the ability of users to understand the data practices of businesses. Our results suggest that CCPA's mandates for privacy disclosures, as currently implemented, have not yet yielded the level of clarity they were designed to deliver, due to both vagueness and ambiguity in CCPA itself as well as potential non-compliance by businesses in their privacy policies.
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