What's easier: doing what you want, or being told what to do? Cued versus voluntary language and task switching.
What's easier: doing what you want, or being told what to do? Cued versus voluntary language and task switching.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0038006
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发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Wierenga, Christina E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gollan, Tamar H.;Kleinman, Daniel;Wierenga, Christina E.
关键词：
目前的研究将提示切换与自愿切换进行了对比，以研究切换效率以及跨语言和非语言领域控制机制的可能共享。双语者在用西班牙语和英语命名图片之间，或者在大声朗读数字和添加数字之间进行切换，无论是否有重复刺激，并且相对于之前的自愿切换实例，对何时以及切换多少的要求较少。在没有重复的情况下（实验1），在停留和转换试验中，自愿反应都比提示反应更快（特别是在非语言转换任务中），而在之前的研究中，自愿优势仅限于降低转换成本。同样，当重复提出目标时（实验 2），语言和非语言转换的自愿反应总体上更快，尽管在转换试验中优势往往更大。实验 3 证实了单语者的阅读-添加任务的整体自愿速度优势，并揭示了仅针对不同的非语言任务（大小奇偶判断）切换成本的降低。这些结果表明，与之前报道的相比，自愿切换比提示切换具有更大的总体优势，而且自愿优势的精确表现可能因不同的任务而异。在语言领域，词汇不可访问性引入了一些独特的控制机制，而重复可能会放大控制机制中的跨领域重叠。最后，在某些有限的条件下，在语言和非语言领域都发现了无成本转换；然而，自上而下控制的暂停可能仅限于语言或高度自动化的任务。
The current study contrasted cued versus voluntary switching to investigate switching efficiency and possible sharing of control mechanisms across linguistic and non-linguistic domains. Bilinguals switched between naming pictures in Spanish versus English or between reading numbers aloud versus adding their digits, either without or with repetition of stimuli, and with fewer requirements as to when and how much they had to switch relative to previous instantiations of voluntary switching. Without repetition (Experiment 1), voluntary responses were faster than cued responses on both stay and switch trials (especially in the non-linguistic switching task), whereas in previous studies the voluntary advantage was restricted to switch-cost reduction. Similarly, when targets were presented repeatedly (Experiment 2), voluntary responses were faster overall for both linguistic and non-linguistic switching, though here the advantage tended to be larger on switch trials. Experiment 3 confirmed the overall voluntary speed advantage for the read-add task in monolinguals, and revealed a reduction in switch costs only for a different non-linguistic task (size-parity judgments). These results reveal greater overall advantages for voluntary over cued switching than previously reported, but also that the precise manifestation of the voluntary advantage can vary with different tasks. In the linguistic domain, lexical inaccessibility introduces some unique control mechanisms, and repetition may magnify cross-domain overlap in control mechanisms. Finally, under some limited conditions, cost-free switches were found in both linguistic and non-linguistic domains; however, suspension of top-down control may be restricted to language or highly automatic tasks.
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影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Gollan TH;Schotter ER;Gomez J;Murillo M;Rayner K
通讯作者：
Rayner K
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Arrington, CM;Logan, GD
通讯作者：
Logan, GD
DOI：
10.1177/1529100610387084
发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bialystok, Ellen;Craik, Fergus I M;Gollan, Tamar H
通讯作者：
Gollan, Tamar H
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Demanet, Jelle;Verbruggen, Frederick;Vandierendonck, Andre
通讯作者：
Vandierendonck, Andre
DOI：
10.3758/bf03204507
发表时间：
1993-05-01
期刊：
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS INSTRUMENTS & COMPUTERS
影响因子：
--
作者：
COHEN, J;MACWHINNEY, B;PROVOST, J
通讯作者：
PROVOST, J