Body size and canine size do not confer a competitive advantage in male rhesus macaques
Body size and canine size do not confer a competitive advantage in male rhesus macaques
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体型和犬科动物的大小并不赋予雄性恒河猴竞争优势
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.01.011
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Higham, James P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kimock, Clare M.;Brent, Lauren J.N.;Dubuc, Constance;Higham, James P.
据推测，男性的武器是在性内选择的情况下进化而来的。在雄性与雄性交配竞争中，这些特征可能充当信号、武器或两者兼而有之。灵长类动物的两性二态性犬齿和体型是两个潜在的武器化特征，其作为信号和/或武器的功能仍不清楚，这主要是由于很难收集大型自由放养哺乳动物的形态学详细测量结果。恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）是一个有趣的研究系统，用于研究这些特征如何发挥作用，因为与该亚科的其他成员相比，它们经历的直接雄性交配竞争水平相对较低。此外，雄性的统治地位很大程度上取决于排队系统，而不是雄性之间的攻击性遭遇的结果。我们利用来自自由放养的恒河猴的行为观察和形态测量数据的新数据集来研究两性犬齿和体重作为武器和/或信号的功能。我们测试了犬科动物的身高或体重是否与优势等级相关，这些因素中的任何一个的相似性是否影响了雄性-雄性二元体之间竞争性相互作用的发生或结果，以及这些特征是否预测了赢得竞争性相互作用的可能性。犬科动物的身高和体重都与统治地位无关。优势等级的相似性（而非形态学的相似性）预测了二元体之间竞争的发生。统治地位更相似的雄性之间的竞争性遭遇更有可能表现为攻击性而不是屈服性。支配地位，而不是犬的身高或体重，预测了赢得竞争性互动的可能性。我们的研究结果表明，犬科动物的身高和体重并没有赋予雄性恒河猴强大的竞争优势，并且越来越多的证据表明，武器化特征似乎并不总是在战斗中发挥作用，也并不总是在雄性之间的战斗中发挥作用。
Male armaments are hypothesized to have evolved under intrasexual selection. Such traits may function as signals, weapons, or both, in male–male mating competition. Primate sexually dimorphic canine teeth and body size are two potentially weaponized traits whose function as a signal and/or weapon remains unclear, largely due to the difficulty of collecting detailed measurements of morphology on large free-ranging mammals. Rhesus macaques,Macaca mulatta, are an interesting study system in which to investigate how such traits function because they experience relatively low levels of direct male–male mating competition compared to other members of their subfamily. Furthermore, male dominance rank is largely based on a queuing system rather than on the outcome of intermale aggressive encounters. We leveraged a novel data set of behavioural observations and morphometric data from free-ranging rhesus macaques to investigate the function of sexually dimorphic canine teeth and body mass as weapons and/or signals. We tested whether canine height or body mass was correlated with dominance rank, whether similarity in any of these factors influenced the occurrence or outcome of agonistic interactions between male–male dyads and whether either of these traits predicted the likelihood of winning an agonistic interaction. Neither canine height nor body mass was related to dominance rank. Similarity in dominance rank, but not in morphology, predicted the occurrence of agonism between dyads. Agonistic encounters between males more similar in dominance rank were more likely to be characterized by aggression rather than submission. Dominance rank, but not canine height or body mass, predicted the likelihood of winning an agonistic interaction. Our results suggest that canine height and body mass do not confer a strong competitive advantage in male rhesus macaques and add to a growing body of evidence indicating that weaponized traits do not always seem to function either in fights or as signals in male–male combat.
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