Functional plasticity of the ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortex in an elite long jumper with below-knee amputation
Functional plasticity of the ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortex in an elite long jumper with below-knee amputation
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膝下截肢优秀跳远运动员同侧初级感觉运动皮层的功能可塑性
DOI：
10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101847
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nakazawa K. (* Equal contribution)
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mizuguchi N*;Nakagawa K*;Tazawa Y;Kanosue K;Nakazawa K. (* Equal contribution)
感觉运动皮质的功能可塑性发生在运动练习之后，也发生在截肢后。然而，截肢和高强度、长期的运动训练对皮质可塑性的联合影响仍不清楚。在这里，我们记录了一位单侧膝下截肢的跳远残奥会金牌获得者(截肢者，ALJ)的髋关节、膝盖和脚踝关节肌肉单侧收缩时的大脑活动。他用截肢的腿和假肢起飞。在与ALJ相似的条件下，我们也记录了健康跳远运动员(HLJ)和膝盖以下截肢的非运动员的大脑活动。在膝关节伸肌与起跳/假肢的节律性等长收缩过程中，ALJ不仅激活对侧初级感觉运动皮质(M1/S1)，而且激活同侧M1/S1。此外，同侧M1/S1的激活显著大于在HLJ看到的。然而，我们没有发现ALJ和HLJ在非起跳/完整腿的膝关节肌肉收缩过程中以及在两侧髋部肌肉收缩过程中的M1/S1激活方面有任何显著差异。感兴趣区分析显示，在膝关节肌肉收缩过程中，ALJ在起跳/假肢和非起跳/完整腿之间的M1/S1活动和同侧运动侧激活区域与其他两组相比有更大的差异。然而，运动侧对侧M1/S1的活动差异在不同组之间没有差异。这些结果表明，膝关节以下截肢和使用假体(即精细膝关节控制)进行高强度、长时间的跳远训练相结合，以肌肉特异性的方式诱导同侧M1/S1起跳/假肢腿功能表征的扩展。这些结果为通过广泛的运动康复计划实现皮质可塑性的潜力提供了新的见解。
Functional plasticity of the sensorimotor cortex occurs following motor practice, as well as after limb amputation. However, the joint effect of limb amputation and intensive, long-term motor practice on cortical plasticity remains unclear. Here, we recorded brain activity during unilateral contraction of the hip, knee, and ankle joint muscles from a long jump Paralympic gold medalist with a unilateral below-knee amputation (Amputee Long Jumper, ALJ). He used the amputated leg with a prosthesis for take-off. Under similar conditions to the ALJ, we also recorded brain activity from healthy long jumpers (HLJ) and non-athletes with a below-knee amputation. During a rhythmic isometric contraction of knee extensor muscles with the take-off/prosthetic leg, the ALJ activated not only the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex (M1/S1), but also the ipsilateral M1/S1. In addition, this ipsilateral M1/S1 activation was significantly greater than that seen in the HLJ. However, we did not find any significant differences between the ALJ and HLJ in M1/S1 activation during knee muscle contraction in the non-take-off/intact leg, nor during hip muscle contraction on either side. Region of interest analysis revealed that the ALJ exhibited a greater difference in M1/S1 activity and activated areas ipsilateral to the movement side between the take-off/prosthetic and non-take-off/intact legs during knee muscle contraction compared with the other two groups. However, difference in activity in M1/S1 contralateral to the movement side did not differ across groups. These results suggest that a combination of below-knee amputation and intensive, prolonged long jump training using a prosthesis (i.e. fine knee joint control) induced an expansion of the functional representation of the take-off/prosthetic leg in the ipsilateral M1/S1 in a muscle-specific manner. These results provide novel insights into the potential for substantial cortical plasticity with an extensive motor rehabilitation program.
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