Differential Contributions of Actin and Myosin to the Physical Phenotypes and Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Differential Contributions of Actin and Myosin to the Physical Phenotypes and Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer Cells
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肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白对胰腺癌细胞物理表型和侵袭的不同贡献

DOI:
10.1007/s12195-019-00603-1
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Rowat, Amy C.
Rowat, Amy C.
中科院分区:
工程技术4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nguyen, Angelyn V.;Trompetto, Brittany;Tan, Xing Haw;Scott, Michael B.;Hu, Kenneth Hsueh-heng;Deeds, Eric;Butte, Manish J.;Chiou, Pei Yu;Rowat, Amy C.

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转移是一个基本的物理过程,在这个过程中,细胞通过狭窄的间隙变形并产生力量侵入周围组织。虽然人们普遍认为细胞可变形性增加是侵袭细胞的优势,但我们之前发现侵袭性较强的胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)细胞比侵袭性较弱的PDAC细胞更坚硬。在这里,我们研究了PDAC细胞硬度和侵袭同时增加的潜在机制,重点研究了肌凝蛋白II、Arp2/3和形成蛋白的作用。方法采用三维划伤侵袭实验测定细胞侵袭,原子力显微镜测定细胞刚度。为了确定肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白介导的力产生对细胞硬度和侵袭的影响,我们用肌动蛋白II (blebbistatin)、Arp2/3 (CK-666)和formins (SMIFH2)的药物抑制剂治疗细胞。结果我们发现肌球蛋白II、Arp2/3和形成蛋白的活性都与PDAC细胞的硬度有关。有趣的是,我们发现当肌球蛋白II、Arp2/3或formins活性被抑制时,PDAC细胞系的侵袭受到不同的影响,这表明尽管具有相似的组织起源,不同的PDAC细胞系可能依赖于不同的侵袭机制。结论这些发现加深了我们对调节癌细胞机制型和侵袭的因素的认识,并激发了进一步研究开发针对多种侵袭机制的治疗方法,以提高临床效益。
IntroductionMetastasis is a fundamentally physical process in which cells deform through narrow gaps and generate forces to invade surrounding tissues. While it is commonly thought that increased cell deformability is an advantage for invading cells, we previously found that more invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells are stiffer than less invasive PDAC cells. Here we investigate potential mechanisms of the simultaneous increase in PDAC cell stiffness and invasion, focusing on the contributions of myosin II, Arp2/3, and formins.MethodWe measure cell invasion using a 3D scratch wound invasion assay and cell stiffness using atomic force microscopy (AFM). To determine the effects of actin- and myosin-mediated force generation on cell stiffness and invasion, we treat cells with pharmacologic inhibitors of myosin II (blebbistatin), Arp2/3 (CK-666), and formins (SMIFH2).ResultsWe find that the activity of myosin II, Arp2/3, and formins all contribute to the stiffness of PDAC cells. Interestingly, we find that the invasion of PDAC cell lines is differentially affected when the activity of myosin II, Arp2/3, or formins is inhibited, suggesting that despite having similar tissue origins, different PDAC cell lines may rely on different mechanisms for invasion.ConclusionsThese findings deepen our knowledge of the factors that regulate cancer cell mechanotype and invasion, and incite further studies to develop therapeutics that target multiple mechanisms of invasion for improved clinical benefit.
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