Simulation-based optimization of emergency evacuation strategy in ultra-high-rise buildings
Simulation-based optimization of emergency evacuation strategy in ultra-high-rise buildings
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基于仿真的超高层建筑应急疏散策略优化
DOI：
10.1007/s11069-017-3013-1
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发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Chen Tao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ding Ning;Zhang Hui;Chen Tao
高层建筑的紧急疏散是一个至关重要的问题。优化使用楼梯和疏散电梯的疏散策略。本文采用基于模拟的优化方法对高层建筑使用楼梯和电梯的疏散策略进行了优化。楼梯模拟基于元胞自动机模型，该模型考虑了几种典型的行人步行偏好。在仿真中，疏散电梯可以到达避难楼层，并基于遗传算法对电梯的调度进行优化。基于仿真的优化问题被设计为一个两层问题：上层是战略层，下层是操作层。在研究案例中，对某100层超高层写字楼的疏散策略进行了优化。我们发现，如果疏散人员遵循传统的楼梯疏散策略，疏散时间为42.6分钟。优化后，采用楼梯加电梯的最优疏散策略的疏散时间为25.1分钟。与传统的楼梯疏散策略相比，疏散效率提高了41.1%。研究还发现，楼梯间的汇流行为会降低人流的速度。在高层建筑疏散中，楼梯仍然是主要出口，疏散电梯是辅助出口。
Emergency evacuation in high-rise buildings is a crucial problem. The evacuation strategy of using stairs and evacuation elevators should be optimized. In this paper, simulation-based optimization method is used to optimize the evacuation strategy of using stairs and elevators in high-rise buildings. The stair simulation is based on a cellular automata model, and several typical pedestrians’ walk preferences are considered in this model. In the simulation, evacuation elevators can arrive at the refuge floors, and the scheduling of the elevators is optimized based on the GA algorithm. The simulation-based optimization is designed as a two-level problem: The upper level is a strategy level; the lower level is an operation level. In the study case, the evacuation strategy of a 100-floor ultra-high-rise office building is optimized. We find that if evacuees follow the traditional stair evacuation strategy, the evacuation time is 42.6 min. After optimization, the evacuation time of optimal strategy by using both stairs and elevators is 25.1 min. Compared with the traditional stair evacuation strategy, the efficiency of evacuation is improved by 41.1%. It is also found that the merging behavior in stairwells will decrease the velocity of the pedestrian flow. Stairs are still the main egress, and evacuation elevators are an assistant egress during high-rise building evacuation.
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