Model of pattern formation in marsh ecosystems with nonlocal interactions

Model of pattern formation in marsh ecosystems with nonlocal interactions
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具有非局部相互作用的沼泽生态系统模式形成模型

DOI:
10.1007/s00285-019-01437-1
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Shaw, Leah B.
Shaw, Leah B.
中科院分区:
数学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zaytseva, Sofya;Shi, Junping;Shaw, Leah B.

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互花米草(Spartina alterniflorais)是一种常见于潮汐沼泽的草。它是一个生态系统工程师,能够通过各种反馈改变周围环境的结构。沼泽草和沉积物体积之间的尺度相关的反馈特别感兴趣。在当地,沼泽植被衰减水动力能,增加沉积物的堆积,促进植被的进一步生长。反过来,改道的水流促进了更长距离的侵蚀槽的形成。这种尺度相关的反馈可以解释在自然界中通常观察到的特征空间变化的沼泽海岸线。我们提出了一个数学框架来模拟草沉积物动力学作为一个系统的反应扩散方程与一个额外的非本地项量化的短期积极和长期消极草沉积物的相互作用。我们使用一个墨西哥帽核函数来模拟这种尺度相关的反馈。我们执行一个稳定状态的双谐波近似我们的系统,并推导出的空间格局的出现条件,对应于一个空间变化的沼泽海岸线。我们发现,这种模式的出现取决于空间尺度和强度的尺度相关的反馈,指定的宽度和幅度的墨西哥帽核函数。
Smooth cordgrassSpartina alterniflorais a grass species commonly found in tidal marshes. It is an ecosystem engineer, capable of modifying the structure of its surrounding environment through various feedbacks. The scale-dependent feedback between marsh grass and sediment volume is particularly of interest. Locally, the marsh vegetation attenuates hydrodynamic energy, enhancing sediment accretion and promoting further vegetation growth. In turn, the diverted water flow promotes the formation of erosion troughs over longer distances. This scale-dependent feedback may explain the characteristic spatially varying marsh shoreline, commonly observed in nature. We propose a mathematical framework to model grass–sediment dynamics as a system of reaction–diffusion equations with an additional nonlocal term quantifying the short-range positive and long-range negative grass–sediment interactions. We use a Mexican-hat kernel function to model this scale-dependent feedback. We perform a steady state biharmonic approximation of our system and derive conditions for the emergence of spatial patterns, corresponding to a spatially varying marsh shoreline. We find that the emergence of such patterns depends on the spatial scale and strength of the scale-dependent feedback, specified by the width and amplitude of the Mexican-hat kernel function.
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