Identifying wildlife reservoirs of neglected taeniid tapeworms: Non-invasive diagnosis of endemic Taenia serialis infection in a wild primate population.
Identifying wildlife reservoirs of neglected taeniid tapeworms: Non-invasive diagnosis of endemic Taenia serialis infection in a wild primate population.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0005709
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Bergman TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schneider-Crease I;Griffin RH;Gomery MA;Dorny P;Noh JC;Handali S;Chastain HM;Wilkins PP;Nunn CL;Snyder-Mackler N;Beehner JC;Bergman TJ
尽管带绦虫的全球分布和公共卫生后果，感染野生动物宿主的带绦虫的生命周期在很大程度上仍然没有描述。幼虫阶段的绦虫serialis通常寄生在啮齿动物和兔形目动物，但已报告在广泛的主机，包括狒狒（Theropithecus gelada），灵长类特有的埃塞俄比亚。狮尾狒狒表现出突起的幼虫囊肿，表明晚期T。与高死亡率相关的系列感染。然而，非突起幼虫可以在深部组织或腹腔中发育，导致仅基于可观察到的囊肿低估了患病率。我们采用了非侵入性单克隆抗体为基础的酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测循环带绦虫属。干狒狒尿液中的抗原。分析表明，该方法在检测带绦虫抗原方面具有高度准确性，特异性为98.4%，灵敏度为98.5%，曲线下面积为0.99。我们用这种方法来调查T。serialis感染的野生狮尾蕉种群，发现感染是远远超过可见的T。serialis囊肿（16.4%的测试至少一次阳性，而只有6%的同一人群表现出囊肿）。我们研究了是否年龄或性别预测T。由外部囊肿和抗原存在指示的系列感染。相反，在许多绦虫宿主系统中观察到的女性偏见，我们发现没有显着的性别偏见，无论是囊肿的存在或抗原的存在。年龄，另一方面，预测囊肿的存在（老年人更有可能显示囊肿），但不是抗原的存在。我们解释这一发现表明，T。serialis可以在生命早期感染个体，但仅在生命后期导致可见的疾病。这是第一次应用抗原ELISA研究幼虫带绦虫感染的野生动物，打开了大门，水库人口的感染动力学的识别和描述。虽然绦虫属绦虫寄生虫在全球分布，并对其宿主（包括人类）造成巨大的社会经济和健康成本，但对感染野生动物的绦虫却知之甚少。这一知识差距阻碍了对这些寄生虫感染人类和生产动物的可能性进行评估，主要是由于难以对野生动物进行标准诊断测试。为了解决这一差距，我们采用了一种标准的诊断测定法，用于干燥的尿液样本。我们使用的尿液从狒狒，灵长类动物特有的埃塞俄比亚，这是经常感染的幼虫阶段的带绦虫，并表现出突起的囊肿在先进的感染。在野生狮尾蕉种群中使用这种诊断测试使我们能够检测到个体可以在没有表现出可观察到的包囊的情况下被感染，并且一些个体可以在早期阶段控制感染。该工具提供了有关被忽视的绦虫如何在野生动物系统中发挥作用的信息，并为非侵入性识别可能威胁人类的绦虫宿主打开了大门。
Despite the global distribution and public health consequences of Taenia tapeworms, the life cycles of taeniids infecting wildlife hosts remain largely undescribed. The larval stage of Taenia serialis commonly parasitizes rodents and lagomorphs, but has been reported in a wide range of hosts that includes geladas (Theropithecus gelada), primates endemic to Ethiopia. Geladas exhibit protuberant larval cysts indicative of advanced T. serialis infection that are associated with high mortality. However, non-protuberant larvae can develop in deep tissue or the abdominal cavity, leading to underestimates of prevalence based solely on observable cysts. We adapted a non-invasive monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect circulating Taenia spp. antigen in dried gelada urine. Analysis revealed that this assay was highly accurate in detecting Taenia antigen, with 98.4% specificity, 98.5% sensitivity, and an area under the curve of 0.99. We used this assay to investigate the prevalence of T. serialis infection in a wild gelada population, finding that infection is substantially more widespread than the occurrence of visible T. serialis cysts (16.4% tested positive at least once, while only 6% of the same population exhibited cysts). We examined whether age or sex predicted T. serialis infection as indicated by external cysts and antigen presence. Contrary to the female-bias observed in many Taenia-host systems, we found no significant sex bias in either cyst presence or antigen presence. Age, on the other hand, predicted cyst presence (older individuals were more likely to show cysts) but not antigen presence. We interpret this finding to indicate that T. serialis may infect individuals early in life but only result in visible disease later in life. This is the first application of an antigen ELISA to the study of larval Taenia infection in wildlife, opening the doors to the identification and description of infection dynamics in reservoir populations. Although tapeworm parasites of the genus Taenia are globally distributed and inflict enormous socioeconomic and health costs on their hosts, which include humans, little is known about taeniid tapeworms that infect wildlife. This gap in knowledge prevents an assessment of the potential for these parasites to infect humans and production animals and is largely due to the difficulty of conducting standard diagnostic tests on wildlife. To address this gap, we adapted a standard diagnostic assay to be used with dried urine samples. We used urine from geladas, primates endemic to Ethiopia, which are frequently infected with the larval stage of a taeniid tapeworm and exhibit protuberant cysts during advanced infection. The use of this diagnostic test in a wild gelada population allowed us to detect that individuals can be infected without exhibiting observable cysts, and that some individuals may control infection in its early stages. This tool provides information about how a neglected tapeworm functions in a wildlife system and opens the door to the non-invasive identification of tapeworm reservoir hosts that may threaten humans.
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.2009.80.379
发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
Dorny, Pierre
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