Glucose sensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus.
Glucose sensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus.
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腹侧下丘脑中的葡萄糖传感神经元。
DOI：
10.3390/s101009002
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Routh VH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Routh VH
神经元的活动是由葡萄糖调节发现在许多大脑区域。当间质脑葡萄糖水平增加时，葡萄糖兴奋（GE）神经元增加，而葡萄糖抑制（GI）神经元降低其动作电位频率。我们假设这些神经元进化为感知和响应严重的能量不足（例如，禁食），威胁大脑的葡萄糖供应。在现代，它们对于恢复胰岛素诱导的低血糖后的血糖水平也很重要。我们的数据表明，下丘脑葡萄糖敏感神经元的葡萄糖敏感受损可能导致称为低血糖相关自主神经功能衰竭的综合征，其中低血糖后恢复正常的机制受损。另一方面，葡萄糖敏感神经元对葡萄糖缺乏的反应增加可能在2型糖尿病和肥胖的发展中起作用。本文将讨论葡萄糖敏感神经元感知间质葡萄糖变化的机制，并探讨这些专门的葡萄糖传感器在葡萄糖和能量稳态中的作用。
Neurons whose activity is regulated by glucose are found in a number of brain regions. Glucose-excited (GE) neurons increase while glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons decrease their action potential frequency as interstitial brain glucose levels increase. We hypothesize that these neurons evolved to sense and respond to severe energy deficit (e.g., fasting) that threatens the brains glucose supply. During modern times, they are also important for the restoration of blood glucose levels following insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Our data suggest that impaired glucose sensing by hypothalamic glucose sensing neurons may contribute to the syndrome known as hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in which the mechanisms which restore euglycemia following hypoglycemia become impaired. On the other hand, increased responses of glucose sensing neurons to glucose deficit may play a role in the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and obesity. This review will discuss the mechanisms by which glucose sensing neurons sense changes in interstitial glucose and explore the roles of these specialized glucose sensors in glucose and energy homeostasis.
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影响因子：
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