Cohesin Loss Eliminates All Loop Domains.

Cohesin Loss Eliminates All Loop Domains.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.026
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发表时间:
2017-10-05
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Aiden EL
Aiden EL
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rao SSP;Huang SC;Glenn St Hilaire B;Engreitz JM;Perez EM;Kieffer-Kwon KR;Sanborn AL;Johnstone SE;Bascom GD;Bochkov ID;Huang X;Shamim MS;Shin J;Turner D;Ye Z;Omer AD;Robinson JT;Schlick T;Bernstein BE;Casellas R;Lander ES;Aiden EL

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人类基因组折叠形成数千个间隔,称为“接触域”,在自身内部表现出更高的接触频率。“环状域”的形成是由于位于同一染色体上的两个基因座之间的连接--几乎总是被CTCF和粘附素结合在一起。当具有相似组蛋白标记的基因组间隔共同分离时,就形成了“间隔区域”。在这里,我们探索降解粘附素的影响。所有的环结构域都被消除了,但隔室结构域和组蛋白标记都不受影响。环结构域的丢失不会导致异位基因的广泛激活,但确实会影响到相当少数的活性基因。特别是,粘附素丢失会导致超级增强子共定位,在染色体内和染色体之间形成数百个链接,并影响附近基因的调节。然后,我们恢复粘附素,并监测每个环的重新形成。尽管重整率差异很大,但许多兆基大小的环路在不到一个小时内就恢复了,这与环路挤出速度很快的模型一致。粘附素丢失会导致环区的消除,但不会影响间隔区和组蛋白标记。
The human genome folds to create thousands of intervals, called “contact domains,” that exhibit enhanced contact frequency within themselves. “Loop domains” form because of tethering between two loci – almost always bound by CTCF and cohesin – lying on the same chromosome. “Compartment domains” form when genomic intervals with similar histone marks co-segregate. Here, we explore the effects of degrading cohesin. All loop domains are eliminated, but neither compartment domains nor histone marks are affected. Loss of loop domains does not lead to widespread ectopic gene activation, but does affect a significant minority of active genes. In particular, cohesin loss causes superenhancers to co-localize, forming hundreds of links within and across chromosomes, and affecting the regulation of nearby genes. We then restore cohesin and monitor the re-formation of each loop. Although reformation rates vary greatly, many megabase-sized loops recovered in under an hour, consistent with a model where loop extrusion is rapid. Cohesin loss results in elimination of loop domains, but neither compartment domains nor histone marks are affected.
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