Gβγ SNARE Interactions and Their Behavioral Effects.

Gβγ SNARE Interactions and Their Behavioral Effects.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11064-018-2531-x
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发表时间:
2019-03
影响因子:
4.4
通讯作者:
Zurawski Z
Zurawski Z
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alford S;Hamm H;Rodriguez S;Zurawski Z

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突触前末梢具有控制胞吐作用的连锁分子机制。这种复杂性的一个例子是通过突触前G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)调节释放。GPCR在突触中的普遍存在-GPCR存在于每一个研究的突触前末端-是它们在突触功能中至关重要的基础。GPCR通过包括经典G α效应器在内的机制介导突触前调制,但G β γ的膜界定作用也可以通过改变突触前离子电导来改变释放概率。这直接或间接地改变动作电位诱发的突触前Ca 2+内流。此外,G β γ可以直接与负责突触囊泡融合的SNARE复合物相互作用,以降低诱发释放期间的峰间隙神经递质浓度。G β γ与SNARE的相互作用通过与含有C2AB结构域的钙传感器(如突触结合蛋白I)以Ca2+敏感的方式竞争性相互作用而被取代,恢复胞吐作用。这种形式的突触调节允许选择性抑制突触后受体介导的反应,这与G β γ对SNARE复合物的作用的Ca2+敏感性结合,允许特定的行为结果。在所有脊椎动物中观察到的由脊髓中的5-HT受体介导的结果之一显示了G β γ的突触前作用与5-HT介导的Ca2+依赖性K+通道激活的突触后变化之间的显著协同作用。虽然通过完全独立的细胞区室和信号转导途径起作用,但这些作用对中枢神经系统的运动和其他关键功能具有相同的作用。
Presynaptic terminals possess interlocking molecular mechanisms that control exocytosis. An example of such complexity is the modulation of release by presynaptic G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). GPCR ubiquity at synapses - GPCRs are present at every studied presynaptic terminal – underlies their critical importance in synaptic function. GPCRs mediate presynaptic modulation by mechanisms including via classical Gα effectors, but membrane-delimited actions of Gβγ can also alter probability of release by altering presynaptic ionic conductances. This directly or indirectly modifies action potential-evoked presynaptic Ca2+ entry. In addition, Gβγ can interact directly with SNARE complexes responsible for synaptic vesicle fusion to reduce peak cleft neurotransmitter concentrations during evoked release. The interaction of Gβγ with SNARE is displaced via competitive interaction with C2AB-domain containing calcium sensors such as synaptotagmin I in a Ca2+-sensitive manner, restoring exocytosis. Synaptic modulation of this form allows selective inhibition of postsynaptic receptor-mediated responses, and this, in combination with Ca2+ sensitivity of Gβγ effects on SNARE complexes allows for specific behavioral outcomes. One such outcome mediated by 5-HT receptors in the spinal cord seen in all vertebrates shows remarkable synergy between presynaptic effects of Gβγ and postsynaptic 5-HT-mediated changes in activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. While acting through entirely separate cellular compartments and signal transduction pathways, these effects converge on the same effect on locomotion and other critical functions of the central nervous system.
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